Please see the Elsevier Cookie Notice for complete information.

Cookies are small pieces of data (text files) that are placed on your computer or device by websites that you visit or applications you use. Cookies are widely used in order to make websites and applications work, or work more efficiently, and help them remember certain information about you, either for the duration of your visit (using a "session" cookie) or for repeat visits (using a "persistent" cookie).

Below provides an overview of the first and third party cookies we use within our Services. Our Services are scanned with our cookie scanning tool regularly to maintain a list as accurate as possible. We classify cookies in the following categories:

• Strictly necessary cookies. These cookies do not store any directly identifiable information. However, they are necessary for the Service to function. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but without these cookies, some or all of the services you have asked for may not work properly.
• Functionality cookies. These cookies allow our Services to provide enhanced functionality and personalization such as remembering the choices you make and your account preferences and to provide enhanced, more personal features. These cookies may be set by us or by third-party providers whose services we have added to our pages. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but without these cookies, some or all of the services you have asked for may not function properly.
• Performance cookies. These are analytics and research cookies that allow us to count visits and measure traffic, so we can measure and improve the performance of our Services. They also help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site(s) or application(s). This helps us to improve the way our Services work and improve user experience. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies. Blocking these cookies will not affect the service provided you.
• Targeting cookies. These files, or, code may be included, either directly or from our advertising partners, on our website, in our emails, or, mobile applications to record how you interact with us, to help us better analyse and improve our services to you, and will use this information to make the website, and, any advertising displayed to you more relevant to your interests. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies. Blocking these cookies will not affect the service provided you but will limit the targeted advertising that you will see or limit our ability to tailor the website experience to your needs.

The table below explains performance and targeting cookies from our suppliers and their purpose. Please note that the cookies and other technologies may change over time.

How to refuse the use of cookies

You can prevent your browser from accepting certain cookies, have the browser require your consent before a new cookie is placed in your browser, or block cookies altogether by selecting the appropriate settings on your browser privacy preferences menu. To avoid receiving cookies on the browser of your mobile device, you will need to refer to its user manual. For information on how to opt-out of cookies set by our suppliers, please visit the applicable links listed in the table above.

The links below will help you find the settings for some common browsers:

• Manage cookie settings in Chrome and Chrome Android and Chrome iOS
• Manage cookie settings in Safari and Safari iOS
• Manage cookie settings in Firefox
• Manage cookie settings in Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge
• Manage cookie settings in Opera