Chapter 12
- Abramo F, Bo S, Canese MG, et al. 1995. Regional distribution of lesions in the central nervous system of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 11:1247-1253.
- Ackley CD, Yamamoto JK, Levy N, et al. 1990. Immunologic abnormalities in pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 64:5652-5655.
- 2a. Adams H, van Vuuren M, Bosman AM, et al. 2009. The epidemiology of lion lentivirus infection among a population of free-ranging lions (Panthera leo) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 80:151-156.
- Addie DD, Dennis JM, Toth S, et al. 2000. Long-term impact on a closed household of pet cats of natural infection with feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Rec 146:419-424.
- Adler K, Radeloff I, Stephan B, et al. 2007. Bacteriological and virological status in upper respiratory tract infections of cats (cat common cold complex). Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 120:120-125.
- 4a. Affranchino JL, Gonzalez SA. 2010. In vitro assembly of the feline immunodeficiency virus Gag polyprotein. Virus Res 150:153-157.
- Afkhami-Goli A, Liu SH, Zhu Y, et al. 2009. Dual lentivirus infection potentiates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: viral copassage enhances neurovirulence. J Neurovirol 15:139-152.
- Agarwal S, Harada J, Schreifels J, et al. 2006. Isolation, characterization, and genetic complementation of a cellular mutant resistant to retroviral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:15933-15938.
- 6a. Akhtardanesh B, Ziaali N, Sharifi H, et al. 2010. Feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus and Toxoplasma gondii in stray and household cats in Kerman-Iran: seroprevalence and correlation with clinical and laboratory findings. Res Vet Sci 89:306-310.
- Alisky JM, Hughes SM, Sauter SL, et al. 2000. Transduction of murine cerebellar neurons with recombinant FIV and AAV5 vectors. Neuroreport 11:2669-2673.
- Allison RW, Hoover EA. 2003. Covert vertical transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 19:421-434.
- Allison RW, Hoover EA. 2003. Feline immunodeficiency virus is concentrated in milk early in lactation. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 19:245-253.
- Alix C, Koehren F, Martin JP, et al. 1998. A thermoresistant strain of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) with an altered cytopathic effect and a restricted cell tropism. Arch Virol 143:2093-2107.
- Alix C, Martin JP, Braunwald J. 1999. Temperature sensitivity of two different steps in the viral life cycle of feline immunodeficiency virus. Virology 253:309-318.
- Amacker M, Hubscher U. 1998. Chimeric HIV-1 and feline immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptases: critical role of the p51 subunit in the structural integrity of heterodimeric lentiviral DNA polymerases. J Mol Biol 278:757-765.
- American Association of Feline Practitioners. 2002. Information brief in response to inquiries regarding Fel-o-Vax FIV. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1233-1234.
- American Association of Feline Practitioners/Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel. 2001. Feline retrovirus testing and management. Compend Cont Educ 23:652-657, 692.
- Amici A, Smorlesi A, Concetti A, et al. 1998. Binding of feline immunodeficiency viral gag-p24 polypeptide to nonimmune Igs. Immunol Lett 62:93-97.
- Andersen PR, Tyrrell P. 2004. Feline immunodeficiency virus diagnosis after vaccination. Anim Health Res Rev 5:327-330.
- Anonymous. 1998. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). J Small Anim Pract 39:209-211.
- Anonymous. 2001. Feline practitioners recommend new FIV and FeLV testing guidelines, initiate public awareness campaign. J Am Vet Med Assoc 218:1247.
- Anonymous. 2001. Feline research may help address thymic problems. Azt did not stop FIV damage to thymus. AIDS Alert 16:39-40.
- Anonymous. 2003. The cat group. Policy statement. Testing for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). J Feline Med Surg 5:vi-v111.
- Anonymous. 2004. New vaccine to fight feline FIV. Aust Vet J 82:730.
- Anonymous. 2008. FIV: No death sentence ABCD: "Don't put a cat down just because she is FIV positive!" Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 150:375-376.
- Anonymous. 2008. Guidelines on preventing and managing FIV. Vet Rec 162:531.
- Antunes A, Troyer JL, Roelke ME, et al. 2008. The evolutionary dynamics of the lion Panthera leo revealed by host and viral population genomics. PLoS Genet 4:e1000251.
- Appa RS, Shin CG, Lee P, et al. 2001. Role of the nonspecific DNA-binding region and alpha helices within the core domain of retroviral integrase in selecting target DNA sites for integration. J Biol Chem 276:45848-45855.
- Arai M, Darman J, Lewis A, et al. 2000. The use of human hematopoietic growth factors (rhGM-CSF and rhEPO) as supportive therapy for FIV-infected cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 77:71-92.
- Arai M, Earl DD, Yamamoto JK. 2002. Is AZT/3TC therapy effective against FIV infection or immunopathogenesis? Vet Immunol Immunopathol 85:189-204.
- 27a. Arikawa J. 2010. Symposium III report: Current status of veterinary vaccines. Vaccine 28:8034-8035.
- Arjona A, Barquero N, Domenech A, et al. 2007. Evaluation of a novel nested PCR for the routine diagnosis of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). J Feline Med Surg 9:14-22.
- Arjona A, Escolar E, Soto I, et al. 2000. Seroepidemiologic survey of infection by feline leukemia virus and immunodeficiency virus in Madrid and correlation with some clinical aspects. J Clin Microbiol 38:3448-3449.
- Assogba BD, Leavell S, Porter K, et al. 2007. Mucosal administration of low-dose cell-associated feline immunodeficiency virus promotes viral latency. J Infect Dis 195:1184-1188.
- Auwerx J, Esnouf R, De Clercq E, et al. 2004. Susceptibility of feline immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase chimeras to non-nucleoside RT inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol 65:244-251.
- Auwerx J, North TW, Preston BD, et al. 2002. Chimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and feline immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptases: role of the subunits in resistance/sensitivity to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol 61:400-406.
- Avery PR, Hoover EA. 2004. Gamma interferon/interleukin 10 balance in tissue lymphocytes correlates with down modulation of mucosal feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 78:4011-4019.
- Baba K, Goto-Koshino Y, Mizukoshi F, et al. 2008. Inhibition of the replication of feline immunodeficiency virus by lentiviral vector-mediated RNA interference in feline cell lines. J Vet Med Sci 70:777-783.
- Baba K, Mizukoshi F, Goto-Koshino Y, et al. 2007. Application of RNA interference for inhibiting the replication of feline immunodeficiency virus in chronically infected cell lines. Vet Microbiol 120:207-216.
- Bach J-M, Hurtrel M, Chakrabarti L, et al. 1994. Early stages of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in lymph nodes and spleen. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10:1731-1738.
- Bachmann MH, Mathiason-Dubard C, Learn GH, et al. 1997. Genetic diversity of feline immunodeficiency virus: dual infection, recombination, and distinct evolutionary rates among envelope sequence clades. J Virol 71:4241-4253.
- Bahi-Jaber N, Fouchet D, Pontier D. 2008. Stochastic extinction and the selection of the transmission mode in microparasites. J R Soc Interface 5:1031-1039.
- Bahi-Jaber N, Langlais M, Pontier D. 2003. Behavioral plasticity and virus propagation: the FIV-cat population example. Theor Popul Biol 64:11-24.
- Baldinotti F, Matteucci D, Mazzetti P, et al. 1994. Serum neutralization of feline immunodeficiency virus is markedly dependent on passage history of the virus and host system. J Virol 68:4572-4579.
- Balzarini J, Keyaerts E, Vijgen L, et al. 2006. Inhibition of feline (FIPV) and human (SARS) coronavirus by semisynthetic derivatives of glycopeptide antibiotics. Antiviral Res 72:20-33.
- Bandecchi P, Dell’Omodarme M, Magi M, et al. 2006. Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in cats in the Pisa district of Tuscany, and attempts to control FeLV infection in a colony of domestic cats by vaccination. Vet Rec 158:555-557.
- Bandecchi P, Matteucci D, Baldinotti F, et al. 1992. Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and other retroviral infections in sick cats in Italy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 31:337-345.
- Banerji N, Kapur V, Kanjilal S. 2007. Association of germ-line polymorphisms in the feline p53 gene with genetic predisposition to vaccine-associated feline sarcoma. J Hered 98:421-427.
- Baneth G, Aroch I, Tal N, et al. 1998. Hepatozoon species infection in domestic cats: a retrospective study. Vet Parasitol 79:123-133.
- Barlough JE, Ackely CD, George JW, et al. 1991. Acquired immune dysfunction in cats with experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection: comparison of short-term and long-term infections. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 4:219-227.
- Barlough JE, North TW, Oxford CL. 1993. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection of cats as a model to test the effect of certain selection pressures on the infectivity and virulence of resultant lentivirus variants. Antiviral Res 22:259-272.
- Barr MC. 1996. FIV, FeLV and FIPV: interpretation and misinterpretation of serological test results. Semin Vet Med Surg 11:144-153.
- Barr MC, Billaud JN, Selway DR, et al. 2000. Effects of multiple acute morphine exposures on feline immunodeficiency virus disease progression. J Infect Dis 182:725-732.
- Barr MC, Butt MT, Anderson KL, et al. 1993. Spinal lymphosarcoma and disseminated mastocytoma associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:1978-1980.
- Barr MC, Huitron-Resendiz S, Sanchez-Alavarez M, et al. 2003. Escalating morphine exposures followed by withdrawal in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats: a model for HIV infection in chronic opiate abusers. Drug Alcohol Depend 72:141-149.
- Barr MC, Huitron-Resendiz S, Selway DR, et al. 2000. Exogenous glucocorticoids alter parameters of early feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 181:576-586.
- Barr MC, Pough MB, Jacobson RH, et al. 1991. Comparison and interpretation of diagnostic tests for feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1377-1381.
- Barr MC, Zou L, Holzschu DL, et al. 1995. Isolation of a highly cytopathic lentivirus from a nondomestic cat. J Virol 69:7371-7374.
- Barraza RA, Poeschla EM. 2008. Human gene therapy vectors derived from feline lentiviruses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:23-31.
- Barraza RA, Rasmussen CA, Loewen N, et al. 2009. Prolonged transgene expression with lentiviral vectors in the aqueous humor outflow pathway of nonhuman primates. Hum Gene Ther 20:191-200.
- Barrs VR, Martin P, Nicoll RG, et al. 2000. Pulmonary cryptococcosis and Capillaria in an FIV-positive cat. Aust Vet J 78:154-158.
- Barsanti JA, Brown J, Marks A, et al. 1996. Relationship of lower urinary-tract signs to seropositivity for feline immunodeficiency virus in cats. J Vet Intern Med 10:34-38.
- Bastone P, Truyen U, Lochelt M. 2003. Potential of zoonotic transmission of non-primate foamy viruses to humans. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 50:417-423.
- Bauer N, Balzer HJ, Thure S, et al. 2008. Prevalence of feline haemotropic mycoplasmas in convenience samples of cats in Germany. J Feline Med Surg 10:252-258.
- Beatty JA, Barrs VR, O’Brien CR, et al. 2005. Feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine issues. Aust Vet J 83:53.
- Beatty J, Terry A, MacDonald J, et al. 2002. Feline immunodeficiency virus integration in B-cell lymphoma identifies a candidate tumor suppressor gene on human chromosome 15q15. Cancer Res 62:7175-7180.
- Beatty JA, Callanan JJ, Terry A, et al. 1998. Molecular and immunophenotypical characterization of a feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-associated lymphoma: a direct role for FIV in B-lymphocyte transformation? J Virol 72:767-771.
- Beatty JA, Lawrence CE, Callanan JJ, et al. 1998. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-associated lymphoma: a potential role for immune dysfunction in tumourigenesis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 65:309-322.
- Beatty JA, Willet B, Dalgleish A, et al. 1997. Evaluation of commercially available assays of neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin for the assessment of disease progression in FIV-infected cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 56:185-189.
- Beck ZQ, Lin YC, Elder JH. 2001. Molecular basis for the relative substrate specificity of human immunodeficiency type 1 and feline immunodeficiency virus proteases. J Virol 75:9458-9469.
- Beebe AM, Dua N, Faith TG, et al. 1994. Primary stage of feline immunodeficiency virus infection: viral dissemination and cellular targets. J Virol 68:3080-3091.
- Beebe AM, Faith TG, Sparger EE, et al. 1994. Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro interactions of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus. AIDS 8:873-878.
- Beebe AM, Gluckstern TG, George J, et al. 1992. Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in bone marrow of cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:37-49.
- Bendinelli M, Pistello M, Del Mauro D, et al. 2001. During readaptation in vivo, a tissue-culture adapted strain of feline immunodeficiency virus reverts to broad neutralization resistance at different times in individual hosts but through changes at the same position of the surface glycoprotein. J Virol 75:4584-4593.
- Bendinelli M, Pistello M, Lombardi S, et al. 1995. Feline immunodeficiency virus: an interesting model for AIDS studies and an important cat pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 9:87-112.
- Berent LM, Messick JB, Cooper SK. 1998. Detection of Haemobartonella felis in cats with experimentally induced acute and chronic infections, using a polymerase chain reaction assay. Am J Vet Res 59:1215-1220.
- Berlinski PJ, Gibson JK, Forester NJ, et al. 2003. Further investigation into the increased susceptibility of cats to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) after vaccination with parenteral vaccines. Proceedings of the 21st Annual ACVIM Forum, Jun 4-8, Charlotte, NC.
- Berthoux L, Sebastian S, Sokolskaja E, et al. 2005. Cyclophilin a is required for TRIM5α-mediated resistance to HIV-1 in Old World Monkey cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:14849-14853.
- Biek R, Drummond AJ, Poss M. 2006. A virus reveals population structure and recent demographic history of its carnivore host. Science 311:538-541.
- Biek R, Rodrigo AG, Holley D, et al. 2003. Epidemiology, genetic diversity, and evolution of endemic feline immunodeficiency virus in a population of wild cougars. J Virol 77:9578-9589.
- Biek R, Ruth TK, Murphy KM, et al. 2006. Factors associated with pathogen seroprevalence and infection in Rocky Mountain cougars. J Wildl Dis 42:606-615.
- Biek R, Zannke RL, Gillin C, et al. 2002. Serologic survey for viral and bacterial infections in Western populations of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). J Wildl Dis 38:840-845.
- Bienzle D, Reggeti F, Win X, et al. 2004. The variability of serological and molecular diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Can Vet J 45:753-757.
- Bigornia L, Lockridge KM, Sparger EE. 2001. Construction and characterization of attenuated feline immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat mutant viruses. J Virol 75:1054-1060.
- Billaud JN, Phillips TR. 1998. FIV. A lentivirus model for opiate effects on disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 437:101-116.
- Billaud JN, Selway D, Yu N, et al. 2000. Replication rate of feline immunodeficiency virus in astrocytes is envelope dependent: implications for glutamate uptake. Virology 266:180-188.
- Bingen A, Nonnenmacher H, Bastien-Valle M, et al. 2002. Tissues rich in macrophagic cells are the major sites of feline immunodeficiency virus uptake after intravenous inoculation into cats. Microbes Infect 4:795-803.
- Bishop SA, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Harbour DA. 1993. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) as a mechanism of cell death in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Clin Exp Immunol 93:65-71.
- Bishop SA, Stokes CR, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, et al. 1996. Vaccination with fixed feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infected cells: protection, breakthrough and specificity of response. Vaccine 14:1243-1250.
- Bishop SA, Stokes CR, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, et al. 1996. Vaginal and rectal infection of cats with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Microbiol 51:217-227.
- Bishop SA, Williams NA, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, et al. 1992. An early defect in primary and secondary T cell responses in asymptomatic cats during feline immunodeficiency (FIV) virus infection. Clin Exp Immunol 90:491-496.
- Bishop SA, Williams NA, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, et al. 1992. Impaired T-cell priming and proliferation in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS 6:287-293.
- Bisset LR, Bosbach S, Tomasik Z, et al. 2001. Quantification of in vitro retroviral replication using a one-tube real-time RT-PCR system incorporating direct RNA preparation. J Virol Methods 91:149-155.
- Bisset LR, Lutz H, Boni J, et al. 2002. Combined effect of zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC) and abacavir (ABC) antiretroviral therapy in suppressing in vitro FIV replication. Antiviral Res 53:35-45.
- Blake DJ, Graham J, Poss M. 2006. Quantification of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIVPCO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymph nodes and plasma of naturally infected cougars. J Gen Virol 87:967-975.
- Blanco K, Prendas J, Cortes R, et al. 2009. Seroprevalence of viral infections in domestic cats in Costa Rica. J Vet Med Sci 71:661-663.
- Boche D, Hurtrel M, Gray F, et al. 1996. Virus load and neuropathology in the FIV model. J Neurovirol 2:377-387.
- Bonci F, Zabogli E, Conti F, et al. 2009. A novel method for producing target cells and assessing cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in outbred hosts. BMC Biotechnol 9:18.
- Bonci F, Zabogli E, Freer G, et al. 2008. A new fluorimetric assay to measure cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity against feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:150-153.
- Boretti FS, Leutenegger CM, Mislin C, et al. 2000. Protection against FIV challenge infection by genetic vaccination using minimalistic DNA constructs for FIV env gene and feline IL-12 expression. AIDS 14:1749-1757.
- Borsberry S. 2002. In-house diagnostic test kits. Vet Rec 150:55.
- Boudreaux CE, Lockett NN, Chemerys DN, et al. 2009. Maternal hematological and virological characteristics during early feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection of cats as predictors of fetal infection and reproductive outcome at early gestation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 131:290-297.
- Bragg DC, Boles JC, Meeker RB. 2002. Destabilization of neuronal calcium homeostasis by factors secreted from choroids plexus macrophage cultures in response to feline immunodeficiency virus. Neurobiol Dis 9:173-186.
- Bragg DC, Childers TC, Tompkins MB, et al. 2002. Infection of the choroid plexus by feline immunodeficiency virus. J Neurovirol 8:211-224.
- Bragg DC, Hudson LC, Liang YH, et al. 2002. Choroid plexus macrophages proliferate and release toxic factors in response to feline immunodeficiency virus. J Neurovirol 8:225-239.
- Bragg DC, Meeker RB, Duff BA, et al. 1999. Neurotoxicity of FIV and FIV envelope protein in feline cortical cultures. Brain Res 816:431-437.
- Brelot A, Heveker N, Adema K, et al. 1999. Effect of mutations in the second extracellular loop of CXCR4 on its utilization by human and feline immunodeficiency viruses. J Virol 73:2576-2586.
- Brennan G, Podell MD, Wack R, et al. 2006. Neurologic disease in captive lions (Panthera leo) with low-titer lion lentivirus infection. J Clin Microbiol 44:4345-4352.
- Breuer W, Stahr K, Majzoub M, et al. 1998. Bone-marrow changes in infectious diseases and lymphohaematopoietic neoplasias in dogs and cats-a retrospective study. J Comp Pathol 119:57-66.
- Brindley MA, Hughes L, Ruiz A, et al. 2007. Ebola virus glycoprotein 1: identification of residues important for binding and postbinding events. J Virol 81:7702-7709.
- Briquet S, Richardson J, Vanhee-Brossollet C, et al. 2001. Natural antisense transcripts are detected in different cell lines and tissues of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Gene 267:157-164.
- Broche-Pierre S, Richardson J, Moraillon A, et al. 2005. Evaluation of live feline immunodeficiency virus vaccines with modified antigenic properties. J Gen Virol 86:2495-2506.
- Brooks AI, Stein CS, Hughes SM, et al. 2002. Functional correction of established central nervous system deficits in an animal model of lysosomal storage disease with feline immunodeficiency virus-based vectors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:6216-6221.
- Brown A, Bennett M, Gaskell CJ. 1989. Fatal poxvirus infection in association with FIV infection. Vet Rec 124:19-20.
- Brown EW, Yuhki N, Packer C, et al. 1994. A lion lentivirus related to feline immunodeficiency virus: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects. J Virol 68:5953-5968.
- Brown MA, Cunningham MW, Roca AL, et al. 2008. Genetic characterization of feline leukemia virus from Florida panthers. Emerg Infect Dis 14:252-259.
- Brown MA, Munkhtsog B, Troyer JL, et al. 2010. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in wild Pallas’ cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:90-95.
- Brown MR, Rogers KS. 2001. Neutropenia in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 261 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:131-139.
- Brown PJ, Hopper CD, Harbour DA. 1991. Pathologic features of lymphoid tissues in cats with natural feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Comp Pathol 104:345-355.
- Brown R. 2007. FeLV and FIV in a cat population. Vet Rec 161:396.
- Brown VM, Krynetski EY, Krynetskaia NF, et al. 2004. A novel CRM1-mediated nuclear export signal governs nuclear accumulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase following genotoxic stress. J Biol Chem 279:5984-5992.
- Brown WC, Bissey L, Logan KS, et al. 1991. Feline immunodeficiency virus infects both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. J Virol 65:3359-3364.
- Browning MT, Mustafa F, Schmidt RD, et al. 2003. Delineation of sequences important for efficient packaging of feline immunodeficiency virus RNA. J Gen Virol 84:621-627.
- Browning MT, Mustafa F, Schmidt RD, et al. 2003. Sequences within the gag gene of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are important for efficient RNA encapsidation. Virus Res 93:199-209.
- Browning MT, Schmidt RD, Kew KA, et al. 2001. Primate and feline lentivirus vector RNA packaging and propagation by heterologous lentivirus virions. J Virol 75:5129-5140.
- Bruen TC, Poss M. 2007. Recombination in feline immunodeficiency virus genomes from naturally infected cougars. Virology 364:362-370.
- Bucci JG, English RV, Jordan HL, et al. 1998. Mucosally transmitted feline immunodeficiency virus induces a CD8+ antiviral response that correlates with reduction of cell-associated virus. J Infect Dis 177:18-25.
- Bucci JG, Gebhard DH, Childers TA, et al. 1998. The CD8+ cell phenotype mediating antiviral activity in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats is characterized by reduced surface expression of the CD8 beta chain. J Infect Dis 178:968-977.
- 124a. Buchmann AU, Kershaw O, Kempf VA, et al. 2010. Does a feline leukemia virus infection pave the way for Bartonella henselae infection in cats? J Clin Microbiol 48:3295-3300.
- 124b. Bukong TN, Hall WW, Jacque JM. 2010. Lentivirus-associated MAPK/ERK2 phosphorylates EMD and regulates infectivity. J Gen Virol 91(Pt 9):2381-2392.
- Bull ME, Gebhard DG, Tompkins WA, et al. 2002. Polymorphic expression in the CD8 alpha chain surface receptor of African lions (Panthera leo). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 84:181-189.
- Bull ME, Kennedy-Stoskopf S, Levine JF, et al. 2003. Evaluation of T lymphocytes in captive African lions (Panthera leo) infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Am J Vet Res 64:1293-1300.
- Bull ME, Vahlenkamp TW, Dow JL, et al. 2004. Spontaneous T cell apoptosis in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats is inhibited by IL2 and anti-B7.1 antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 99:25-37.
- Buracco P, Guglielmino R, Abate O, et al. 1992. Large granular lymphoma in an FIV-positive and FeLV-negative cat. J Small Anim Pract 33:279-284.
- Burkala E, Poss M. 2007. Evolution of feline immunodeficiency virus gag proteins. Virus Genes 35:251-264.
- Burkhard MJ, Dean GA. 2003. Transmission and immunopathogenesis of FIV in cats as a model for HIV. Curr HIV Res 1:15-29.
- Burkhard MJ, Hoover EA. 2005. IgG from acutely infected cats blocks mucosal feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 106:87-95.
- Burkhard MJ, Mathiason CK, Bowdre T, et al. 2001. Feline immunodeficiency virus Gag- and Env-specific immune responses after vaginal versus intravenous infection. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses 17:1767-1778.
- Burkhard MJ, Mathiason CK, O’Halloran K, et al. 2002. Kinetics of early FIV infection in cats exposed via the vaginal versus intravenous route. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 18:217-226.
- Burkhard MJ, Obert LA, O’Neil LL, et al. 1997. Mucosal transmission of cell-associated and cell-free feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 13:347-355.
- Burkhard MJ, Valenski L, Leavell S, et al. 2002. Evaluation of FIV protein-expressing VEE-replicon vaccine vectors in cats. Vaccine 21:258-268.
- Busschots K, Vercammen J, Emiliani S, et al. 2005. The interaction of ledgf/p75 with integrase is lentivirus-specific and promotes DNA binding. J Biol Chem 280:17841-17847.
- Butera ST, Brown J, Callahan ME, et al. 2000. Survey of veterinary conference attendees for evidence of zoonotic infection by feline retroviruses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217:1475-1479.
- Butterworth JL, English RV, Jordan HL, et al. 2001. Distribution of immune cells in the female reproductive tract in uninfected and FIV infected cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 83:37-51.
- Cabanes FJ, Abarca ML, Bonavia R, et al. 1995. Cryptococcosis in a cat seropositive for feline immunodeficiency virus. Mycoses 38:131-133.
- Cadore JL, Steiner-Laurent S, Greenland T, et al. 1997. Interstitial lung disease in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infected cats. Res Vet Sci 62:287-288.
- Calandrella M, Matteuci D, Mazzetti P, et al. 2001. Densitometric analysis of Western blot assays for feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 79:261-271.
- Calistri A, Del Vecchio C, Salata C, et al. 2009. Role of the feline immunodeficiency virus L-domain in the presence or absence of gag processing: involvement of ubiquitin and Nedd4-2s ligase in viral egress. J Cell Physiol 218:175-182.
- Callanan JJ, Hosie MJ, Jarrett O. 1991. Transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus from mother to kitten. Vet Rec 128:332-333.
- Callanan JJ, Jones BA, Irvine J, et al. 1996. Histologic classification and immunophenotype of lymphosarcomas in cats with naturally and experimentally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus infections. Vet Pathol 33:264-272.
- Callanan JJ, McCandish IAP, O’Neil B, et al. 1992. Lymphosarcoma in experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Rec 130:293-295.
- Callanan JJ, Thompson H, Toth SR, et al. 1992. Clinical and pathological findings in feline immunodeficiency virus experimental infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:3-13.
- Camerini V, Decimo D, Balvay L, et al. 2008. A dormant internal ribosome entry site controls translation of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 82:3574-3583.
- Caney SM, Day MJ, Gruffyd-Jones TJ, et al. 2002. Expression of chemokine receptors in the feline reproductive tract and large intestine. J Comp Pathol 126:289-302.
- Caney SM, Helps CR, Finerty S, et al. 2003. Treatment of asymptomatic chronically FIV- infected cats with recombinant feline interferon omega. In Proceedings of the ACVIM Forum, Charlotte, NC.
- Cannon MJ, Silkstone MA, Kipar AM. 2005. Cutaneous lesions associated with coronavirus-induced vasculitis in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis and concurrent feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Feline Med Surg 7:233-236.
- Carpenter MA, Brown EW, MacDonal DW, et al. 1998. Phylogeographic patterns of feline immunodeficiency virus genetic diversity in the domestic cat. Virology 251:234-243.
- Carreno AD, Mergia A, Novak J, et al. 2008. Loss of naïve (CD45ra+) CD4+ lymphocytes during pediatric infection with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 121:161-168.
- Cattori V, Tandon R, Pepin A, et al. 2006. Rapid detection of feline leukemia virus provirus integration into feline genomic DNA. Mol Cell Probes 20:172-181.
- Cave TA, Golder MC, Simpson J, et al. 2004. Risk factors for feline coronavirus seropositivity in cats relinquished to a UK rescue charity. J Feline Med Surg 6:53-58.
- Caxito FA, Coelho FM, Oliveira ME, et al. 2006. Feline immunodeficiency virus subtype B in domestic cats in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Vet Res Commun 30:953-956.
- Celer V Jr, Kulhankova H, Celer V. 2000. Detection of feline immunodeficiency provirus by seminested polymerase chain reaction. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 45:161-165.
- Celma CC, Paladino MG, Gonzalez SA, et al. 2007. Importance of the short cytoplasmic domain of the feline immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein for fusion activity and envelope glycoprotein incorporation into virions. Virology 366:405-414.
- Chatterji U, de Parseval A, Elder JH. 2002. Feline immunodeficiency virus OrfA is distinct from other lentivirus transactivators. J Virol 76:9624-9634.
- Chatterji U, Grant CK, Elder JH. 2000. Feline immunodeficiency virus Vif localizes to the nucleus. J Virol 74:2533-2540.
- Cheng L, Toyoguchi M, Looney DJ, et al. 2005. Efficient gene transfer to retinal pigment epithelium cells with long-term expression. Retina 25:193-201.
- Chiarantini L, Matteucci D, Pistello M, et al. 1998. AIDS vaccination studies using an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: homologous erythrocytes as a delivery system for preferential immunization with putative protective antigens. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 5:235-241.
- Choi IS, Hokanson R, Collisson EW. 2000a. Anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) soluble factor(s) produced from antigen-stimulated feline CD8+ T lymphocytes suppresses FIV replication. J Virol 74:676-683.
- Choi IS, Yoo HS, Collisson EW. 2000b. Evaluation of expression patterns of feline CD28 and CTLA-4 in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected and FIV antigen-induced PBMC. J Vet Sci 1:97-103.
- 163a. Chon TW, Bixler S. 2010. Interferon-tau: current applications and potential in antiviral therapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 30:477-485.
- Cloak CC, Chang L, Ernst T, et al. 2004. Methamphetamine and AIDS: 1HMRS studies in a feline model of human disease. J Neuroimmunol 147:16-20.
- Coats KS. 2005. The feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cat: a model for lentivirus-induced placental immunopathology and reproductive failure (mini-review). Am J Reprod Immunol 54:169-185.
- Coats KS, Boudreaux CE, Clay BT, et al. 2010. Placental immunopathology in the FIV-infected cat: a role for inflammation in compromised pregnancy? Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:39-47.
- Cohen ND, Carter CN, Thomas MA, et al. 1990. Epizootiologic association between feline immunodeficiency virus infection and feline leukemia virus seropositivity. J Am Vet Med Assoc 197:220-225.
- Coleman JK, Pu R, Martin M, et al. 2005. HIV-1 p24 vaccine protects cats against feline immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS 19:1457-1466.
- Colitz CM. 2005. Feline uveitis: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 20:117-120.
- Condiotti R, Curran MA, Nolan GP, et al. 2004. Prolonged liver-specific transgene expression by a non-primate lentiviral vector. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 320:998-1006.
- Connell S. 2003. Manufacturer addresses concerns about FIV vaccine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:149.
- Conway T. 2003. FIV vaccine recommendation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:580.
- Cornblath DR, Hoke A. 2006. Recent advances in HIV neuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol 19:446-450.
- Courchamp F, Suppo C, Fromont E, et al. 1997. Dynamics of two feline retroviruses (FIV and FeLV) within one population of cats. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 264:785-794.
- Courchamp F, Yoccoz NG, Artois M, et al. 1998. At-risk individuals in feline immunodeficiency virus epidemiology: evidence from a multivariate approach in a natural population of domestic cats (Felis catus). Epidemiol Infect 121:227-236.
- Court EA, Watson AD, Peaston AE. 1997. Retrospective study of 60 cases of feline lymphosarcoma. Aust Vet J 75:424-427.
- Crawford MJ, Swenson CL, Arnoczky SP, et al. 2004. Lyophilization does not inactivate infectious retrovirus in systemically infected bone and tendon allografts. Am J Sports Med 32:580-586.
- Crawford PC, Levy JK. 2007. New challenges for the diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 37:335-350, vii.
- Crawford PC, Papadi GP, Levy JK, et al. 2001. Tissue dynamics of CD8 lymphocytes that suppress viral replication in cats infected neonatally with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Inf Dis 184:671-681.
- Crawford PC, Slater MR, Levy JK. 2005. Accuracy of polymerase chain reaction assays for diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1503-1507.
- Criado-Fornelio A, Martinez-Marcos A, Buling-Sarana A, et al. 2003. Presence of Mycoplasma haemofelis, Mycoplasma haemominutum and piroplasmids in cats from southern Europe: a molecular study. Vet Microbiol 93:307-317.
- Crozet C, Lin YL, Mettling C, et al. 2004. Inhibition of PRPSC formation by lentiviral gene transfer of PRP containing dominant negative mutations. J Cell Sci 117:5591-5597.
- Crystal RG. 1999. Bad for cats, good for humans? Modified feline immunodeficiency virus for gene therapy. J Clin Invest 104:1491-1493.
- Cuisinier AM, Mallet V, Meyer A, et al. 1997. DNA vaccination using expression vectors carrying FIV structural genes induces immune response against feline immunodeficiency virus. Vaccine 15:1085-1094.
- Cuisinier AM, Meyer A, Chatrenet B, et al. 1999. Attempt to modify the immune response developed against FIV gp120 protein by preliminary FIV DNA injection. Vaccine 17:415-425.
- Curran MA, Kaiser SM, Achacoso PL, et al. 2000. Efficient transduction of nondividing cells by optimized feline immunodeficiency virus vectors. Mol Ther 1:31-38.
- Curran MA, Nolan GP. 2002. Nonprimate lentiviral vectors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 261:75-105.
- Curran MA, Nolan GP. 2002. Recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus vectors. Preparation and use. Methods Mol Med 69:335-350.
- Curran MA, Ochoa MS, Molana RD, et al. 2002. Efficient transduction of pancreatic islets by feline immunodeficiency virus vectors. Transplantation 74:299-306.
- Dabritz HA, Gardner IA, Miller MA, et al. 2007. Evaluation of two Toxoplasma gondii serologic tests used in a serosurvey of domestic cats in California. J Parasitol 93:806-816.
- D’Amore E, Falcone E, Busani L, et al. 1997. A serological survey of feline immunodeficiency virus and Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats. Vet Res Commun 21:355-359.
- Danave IR, Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Zenger E, et al. 1994. Feline immunodeficiency virus decreases cell-cell communication and mitochondrial membrane potential. J Virol 68:6745-6750.
- Dandekar S, Beebe AM, Barlough J, et al. 1992. Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) nucleic acids in FIV-seronegative cats. J Virol 66:4040-4049.
- Daniels MJ, Golder MC, Jarrett O, et al. 1999. Feline viruses in wildcats from Scotland. J Wildl Dis 35:121-124.
- Danner RM, Goltz DM, Hess SC, et al. 2007. Evidence of feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and Toxoplasma gondii in feral cats on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. J Wildl Dis 43:315-318.
- Davidson MG, Rottman JB, English RV, et al. 1993. Feline immunodeficiency virus predisposes cats to acute generalized toxoplasmosis. Am J Pathol 143:1486-1497.
- Davidson BL, Harper SQ. 2005. Viral delivery of recombinant short hairpin RNAS. Methods Enzymol 392:145-173.
- Dawson S, Smyth NR, Bennett M, et al. 1991. Effect of primary-stage feline immunodeficiency virus infection on subsequent feline calicivirus vaccination and challenge in cats. AIDS 5:747-750.
- Day MJ, Kyaw-Tanner M, Silkstone MA, et al. 1999. T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma in the cat. J Comp Pathol 120:155-167.
- D’Cruz OJ, Waurzyniak B, Uckun FM. 2004. Antiretroviral spermicide WHI-07 prevents vaginal and rectal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in domestic cats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:1082-1088.
- Dean GA, Bernales JA, Pedersen NC. 1998. Effect of feline immunodeficiency virus on cytokine responses to Listeria monocytogenes in vivo. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 65:125-138.
- Dean GA, Himathongkham S, Sparger EE. 1999. Differential cell tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus molecular clones in vivo. J Virol 73:2596-2603.
- Dean GA, LaVoy A, Burkhard MJ. 2004. Peptide mapping of feline immunodeficiency virus by IFN-gamma ELISpot. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 100:49-59.
- Dean GA, LaVoy A, Yearley J, et al. 2006. Cytokine modulation of the innate immune response in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. J Infect Dis 193:1520-1527.
- Dean GA, Pedersen NC. 1998. Cytokine responses in multiple lymphoid tissues during the primary phase of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 72:9436-9440.
- Dean GA, Reubel GH, Moore PF, et al. 1996. Proviral burden and infection kinetics of feline immunodeficiency virus in lymphocyte subsets of blood and lymph node. J Virol 70:5165-5169.
- De Clercq E. 1997. Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates in the chemotherapy of DNA virus and retrovirus infections. Intervirology 40:295-303.
- De Clercq E. 2003. Potential of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates in the treatment of DNA virus and retrovirus infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 1:21-43.
- de Lange K. 2008. [FeLV infection, the kiss of death]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 133:149.
- de Lange K. 2008. [FIV: not a death sentence]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 133:436.
- Del Fierro GM, Meers J, Thomas J, et al. 1995. Quantification of lymphadenopathy in experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection in domestic cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 46:3-14.
- Del Mauro D, Matteucci D, Giannecchini S, et al. 1998. Autologous and heterologous neutralization analyses of primary feline immunodeficiency virus isolates. J Virol 72:2199-2207.
- De Lorenzi D, Solano-Gallego L. 2009. Tracheal granuloma because of infection with a novel mycobacterial species in an old FIV-positive cat. J Small Anim Pract 50:143-146.
- deMari K, Maynard L, Sanquer A, et al. 2004. Therapeutic effects of recombinant feline interferon-ω on feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-infected and FeLV-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) co-infected cats. J Vet Intern Med 18:477-482.
- DeMonte M, Nonnenmacher H, Brignon N, et al. 2002. A multivariate statistical analysis to follow the course of disease after infection of cats with different strains of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). J Virol Methods 103:157-170.
- de Parseval A, Chatterji U, Morris G, et al. 2005. Structural mapping of CD134 residues critical for interaction with feline immunodeficiency virus. Nat Struct Mol Biol 12:60-66.
- de Parseval A, Chatterji U, Sun P, et al. 2004. Feline immunodeficiency virus targets activated CD4+ T cells by using CD134 as a binding receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:13044-13049.
- De Parseval A, Elder JH. 1999. Demonstration that orf2 encodes the feline immunodeficiency virus transactivating (Tat) protein and characterization of a unique gene product with partial rev activity. J Virol 73:608-617.
- De Parseval A, Elder JH. 2001. Binding of recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein to feline cells: role of CXCR4, cell-surface heparans, and an unidentified non-CXCR4 receptor. J Virol 75:4528-4539.
- de Parseval A, Grant CK, Sastry KJ, et al. 2006. Sequential CD134-CXCR4 interactions in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV): soluble CD134 activates FIV env for CXCR4-dependent entry and reveals a cryptic neutralization epitope. J Virol 80:3088-3091.
- De Parseval A, Lerner DL, Borrow P, et al. 1997. Blocking of feline immunodeficiency virus infection by a monoclonal antibody to CD9 is via inhibition of virus release rather than interference with receptor binding. J Virol 71:5742-5749.
- de Parseval A, Ngo S, Sun P, et al. 2004. Factors that increase the effective concentration of CXCR4 dictate feline immunodeficiency virus tropism and kinetics of replication. J Virol 78:9132-9143.
- de Parseval A, Su SV, Elder JH, et al. 2004. Specific interaction of feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein with human DC-sign. J Virol 78:2597-2600.
- Derksen TA, Sauter SL, Davidson BL. 2002. Feline immunodeficiency virus vectors. Gene transfer to mouse retina following intravitreal injection. J Gene Med 4:463-469.
- De Ronde A, Stone JG, Boers P, et al. 1993. Antibody response in cats to the envelope proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus: identification of an immunodominant neutralization domain. Virology 198:257-264.
- D’Errico G, D’Ursi AM, Marsh D. 2008. Interaction of a peptide derived from glycoprotein gp36 of feline immunodeficiency virus and its lipoylated analogue with phospholipid membranes. Biochemistry 47:5317-5327.
- D’Errico G, Vitiello G, D’Ursi AM, et al. 2009. Interaction of short modified peptides deriving from glycoprotein gp36 of feline immunodeficiency virus with phospholipid membranes. Eur Biophys J 38:873-882.
- de Rozieres S, Mathiason CK, Rolston MR, et al. 2004. Characterization of a highly pathogenic molecular clone of feline immunodeficiency virus clade c. J Virol 78:8971-8982.
- de Rozieres S, Swan CH, Sheeter DA, et al. 2004. Assessment of FIV-c infection of cats as a function of treatment with the protease inhibitor, TL-3. Retrovirology 1:38.
- de Rozieres S, Thompson J, Sundstrom M, et al. 2008. Replication properties of clade a/c chimeric feline immunodeficiency viruses and evaluation of infection kinetics in the domestic cat. J Virol 82:7953-7963.
- Desmaris F, Lemaire D, Ricard-Blum S, et al. 2005. Structural characterization of the feline-immunodeficiency-virus envelope glycoprotein 36 ectodomain for the development of new antivirals. Biochem J 389:559-567.
- Dey B, Lerner DL, Lusso P, et al. 2000. Multiple antiviral activities of cyanovirin-N: blocking of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 interaction with CD4 and coreceptor and inhibition of diverse enveloped viruses. J Virol 74:4562-4569.
- Dias AS, Bester MJ, Britz RF, et al. 2006. Animal models used for the evaluation of antiretroviral therapies. Curr HIV Res 4:431-446.
- Diaz-Griffero F, Kar A, Lee M, et al. 2007. Comparative requirements for the restriction of retrovirus infection by TRIM5alpha and trimcyp. Virology 369:400-410.
- Diehl LJ, Mathiason-Dubard CK, O’Neil LL, et al. 1995. Induction of accelerated feline immunodeficiency virus disease by acute-phase virus passage. J Virol 69:6149-6157.
- Diehl LJ, Mathiason-Dubard CK, O’Neil LL, et al. 1995. Longitudinal assessment of feline immunodeficiency virus kinetics in plasma by use of a quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase PCR. J Virol 69:2328-2332.
- Diehl LJ, Mathiason-Dubard CK, O’Neil LL, et al. 1996. Plasma viral RNA load predicts disease progression in accelerated feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 70:2503-2507.
- 237a. Dietrich I, Macintyre A, McMonagle E, et al. 2010. Potent lentiviral restriction by a synthetic feline TRIM5 cyclophilin A fusion. J Virol 84:8980-8985.
- Di Nunzio F, Piovani B, Cosset FL, et al. 2007. Transduction of human hematopoietic stem cells by lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with the rd114-tr chimeric envelope glycoprotein. Hum Gene Ther 18:811-820.
- Djalilian HR, Tsuboi Y, Ozeki M, et al. 2002. Feline immunodeficiency virus-mediated gene therapy of middle ear mucosa cells. Auris Nasus Larynx 29:183-186.
- D’Mello F, Kairo SK, Howard CR, et al. 1999. Mapping the specificity of an anti-feline immunodeficiency virus monoclonal antibody using a filamentous phage displayed peptide library. Vaccine 18:371-375.
- Dominy BN, Brooks CL 3rd. 1999. Methodology for protein-ligand binding studies: application to a model for drug resistance, the HIV/FIV protease system. Proteins 36:318-331.
- Donzella GA, Schols D, Lin SW, et al. 1998. AMD3100, a small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 entry via the CXCR4 co-receptor. Nat Med 4 :72-77.
- Dorny P, Speybroeck N, Verstraete S, et al. 2002. Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus in urban stray cats in Belgium. Vet Rec 151:626-629.
- Dow SW, Drietz MJ, Hoover EA. 1992. Feline immunodeficiency virus neurotropism: evidence that astrocytes and microglia are the primary target cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:23-35.
- Dow SW, Mathiason CK, Hoover EA. 1999. In vivo monocyte tropism of pathogenic feline immunodeficiency viruses. J Virol 73:6852-6861.
- Dow SW, Poss ML, Hoover EA. 1990. Feline immunodeficiency virus: a neurotropic lentivirus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3:658-668.
- Dowling RJ, Bienzle D. 2005. Gene-expression changes induced by feline immunodeficiency virus infection differ in epithelial cells and lymphocytes. J Gen Virol 86:2239-2248.
- Driciru M, Siefert L, Prager KC, et al. 2006. A serosurvey of viral infections in lions (Panthera leo), from Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. J Wildl Dis 42:667-671.
- Druce JD, Robinson WF, Locarnini SA, et al. 1997. Transmission of human and feline immunodeficiency viruses via reused suture material. J Med Virol 53:13-18.
- 249a. Duarte A, Castro I, Pereira da Fonseca IM, et al. 2010. Survey of infectious and parasitic diseases in stray cats at the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal. J Feline Med Surg 12:441-446.
- Duarte A, Marques MI, Tavares L, et al. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis of five Portuguese strains of FIV. Arch Virol 147:1061-1070.
- Duarte A, Tavares L. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of Portuguese feline immunodeficiency virus sequences reveals high genetic diversity. Vet Microbiol 114:25-33.
- Dubey JP, Lappin M, Mofya S, et al. 2009. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and concurrent Bartonella spp., feline immunodeficiency virus, and feline leukemia infections in cats from Grenada, West Indies. J Parasitol 95:1129-1133.
- Dunham SP. 2006. Lessons from the cat: development of vaccines against lentiviruses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 112:67-77.
- Dunham SP, Bruce J, Klein D, et al. 2006. Prime-boost vaccination using DNA and whole inactivated virus vaccines provides limited protection against virulent feline immunodeficiency virus. Vaccine 24:7095-7108.
- Dunham SP, Bruce J, MacKay S, et al. 2006. Limited efficacy of an inactivated feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine. Vet Rec 158:561-562.
- Dunham SP, Flynn JN, Rigby MA, et al. 2002. Protection against feline immunodeficiency virus using replication defective proviral DNA vaccines with feline interleukin-12 and -18. Vaccine 20:1483-1496.
- Dunham SP, Graham E. 2008. Retroviral infections of small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 38:879-901, ix.
- Dunn BM, Pennington MW, Frase DC, et al. 1999. Comparison of inhibitor binding to feline and human immunodeficiency virus proteases: structure-based drug design and the resistance problem. Biopolymers 51:69-77.
- D’Ursi AM, Giannecchini S, Di Fenza A, et al. 2003. Retroinverso analogue of the antiviral octapeptide C8 inhibits feline immunodeficiency virus in serum. J Med Chem 46:1807-1810.
- D’Ursi AM, Giannecchini S, Esposito C, et al. 2006. Development of antiviral fusion inhibitors: short modified peptides derived from the transmembrane glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus. Chembiochem 7:774-779.
- Egberink H, Borst M, Niphuis H, et al. 1990. Suppression of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in vivo by 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl) adenine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:3087-3091.
- Egberink HF, Berrocal A, Bax HAD, et al. 1992. Papillomavirus associated skin lesions in a cat seropositive for feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Microbiol 31:117-125.
- Egberink HF, De Clercq E, Van Vliet AL, et al. 1999. Bicyclams, selective antagonists of the human chemokine receptor CXCR4, potently inhibit feline immunodeficiency virus replication. J Virol 73:6346-6352.
- Egberink HF, Keldermans EJ, Koolen MJM, et al. 1992. Humoral immune response to feline immunodeficiency virus in cats with experimentally induced and naturally acquired infections. Am J Vet Res 53:1133-1138.
- Elder JH, Dean GA, Hoover EA, et al. 1998. Lessons from the cat: feline immunodeficiency virus as a tool to develop intervention strategies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 14:797-801.
- Elder JH, Lin YC, Fink E, et al. 2010. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as a model for study of lentivirus infections: parallels with HIV. Curr HIV Res 8:73-80.
- Elder JH, Phillips TR. 1995. Feline immunodeficiency virus as a model for development of molecular approaches to intervention strategies against lentivirus infections. Adv Virus Res 45:225-247.
- Elder JH, Sundstrom M, de Rozieres S, et al. 2008. Molecular mechanisms of FIV infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:3-13.
- Elyar JS, Tellier MC, Soos JM, et al. 1997. Perspectives on FIV vaccine development. Vaccine 15:1437-1444.
- Endo Y, Cho KW, Nishigaki K, et al. 1997. Molecular characteristics of malignant lymphomas in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 57:153-167.
- Endo Y, Goto Y, Nishimura Y, et al. 2000. Inhibitory effect of stromal derived factor-1 on the replication of divergent strains of feline immunodeficiency virus in a feline T-lymphoid cell line. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 74:303-314.
- Endo Y, Matsumura S, Washizu T, et al. 1997. Alteration of T-cell subsets in the lymph nodes from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Vet Med Sci 59:739-746.
- Endo Y, Uema M, Miura R, et al. 2004. Prevalence of canine distemper virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus in captive African lions (Panthera leo) in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 66:1587-1589.
- English RV. 1995. Feline immunodeficiency virus, pp 280-286. In Bonagura JD (ed): Kirk's current veterinary therapy. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
- English RV, Davidson MG, Nasisse MP, et al. 1990. Intraocular disease associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:1116-1119.
- English RV, Johnson CM, Gebhard DH, et al. 1993. In vivo lymphocyte tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 67:5175-5186.
- English RV, Nelson P, Johnson CM, et al. 1994. Development of clinical disease in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 170:543-552.
- Esposito C, D’Errico G, Armenante MR, et al. 2006. Physicochemical characterization of a peptide deriving from the glycoprotein gp36 of the feline immunodeficiency virus and its lipoylated analogue in micellar systems. Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1653-1661.
- Evermann JF, Foreyt WJ, Hall B, et al. 1997. Occurrence of puma lentivirus infection in cougars in Washington. J Wildl Dis 33:316-320.
- Faure E. 2008. Could FIV zoonosis responsible of the breakdown of the pathocenosis which has reduced the European CCR5-delta32 allele frequencies? Virol J 5:119.
- Fautsch MP, Bahler CK, Vrabel AM, et al. 2006. Perfusion of his-tagged eukaryotic myocilin increases outflow resistance in human anterior segments in the presence of aqueous humor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:213-221.
- Femenia F, Crespeau F, Fontaine JJ, et al. 1994. Early haematological and pathological abnormalities of pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Vet Res 25:544-554.
- Fenjves ES, Ochoa MS, Cechin S, et al. 2008. Protection of human pancreatic islets using a lentiviral vector expressing two genes: CFLIP and GFP. Cell Transplant 17:793-802.
- Fernandez A, Rogale K, Scott R, et al. 2004. Inhibitor design by wrapping packing defects in HIV-1 proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:11640-11645.
- Ferrer L, Ramos JA, Bonavia J, et al. 1992. Cryptococcosis in two cats seropositive for feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Rec 131:393-394.
- Fevereiro M, Roneker C, De Noronha F. 1991. Antibody response to reverse transcriptase in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Viral Immunol 4:225-235.
- Fevereiro M, Roneker C, De Noronha F. 1993. Enhanced neutralization of feline immunodeficiency virus by complement virus lysis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 36:191-206.
- Filoni C, Adania CH, Durigon EL, et al. 2003. Serosurvey for feline leukemia virus and lentiviruses in captive small neotropic felids in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. J Zoo Wildl Med 34:65-68.
- Filoni C, Catao-Dias JL, Bay G, et al. 2006. First evidence of feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, parvovirus, and Ehrlichia exposure in Brazilian free-ranging felids. J Wildl Dis 42:470-477.
- Finerty S, Stokes CR, Gruffyd-Jones TJ, et al. 2000. Mucosal immunization with experimental feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vaccines induces both antibody and T cell responses but does not protect against rectal FIV challenge. Vaccine 18:3254-3265.
- Finerty S, Stokes CR, Gruffyd-Jones TJ, et al. 2001. Targeted lymph node immunization can protect cats from a mucosal challenge with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vaccine 20:49-58.
- Fitzgerald MC, Laco GS, Elder JH, et al. 1997. A continuous fluorometric assay for the feline immunodeficiency virus protease. Anal Biochem 254:226-230.
- Flagstad A, Jensen AL, Jarrett O. 1997. Evidence of infection with feline immunodeficiency virus among Danish cats between 1970 and 1974. Vet Rec 140:99-100.
- Fleming EJ, McCaw DL, Smith JA, et al. 1991. Clinical, hematologic, and survival data from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: 42 cases (1983-1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:913-916.
- Fletcher NF, Bexiga MG, Brayden DJ, et al. 2009. Lymphocyte migration through the blood brain barrier (BBB) in feline immunodeficiency virus infection is significantly influenced by the pre-existence of virus and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha within the central nervous system (CNS): studies using an in vitro feline BBB model. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 35:592-602.
- Fletcher NF, Brayden DJ, Brankin B, et al. 2008. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection: a valuable model to study HIV-1 associated encephalitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:134-137.
- 296a. Fletcher NF, Meeker RB, Hudson LC, et al. 2010. The neuropathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection: Barriers to overcome. Vet J 188:260-269.
- Flynn JN, Beatty JA, Cannon CA, et al. 1995. Involvement of gag- and env-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in protective immunity to feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 11:1107-1113.
- Flynn JN, Cannon CA, Beatty JA, et al. 1994. Induction of feline immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in vivo with carrier-free synthetic peptide. J Virol 68:5835-5844.
- Flynn JN, Cannon CA, Lawrence CE, et al. 1994. Polyclonal B-cell activation in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Immunology 81:626-630.
- Flynn JN, Cannon CA, Neil JC, et al. 1997. Vaccination with a feline immunodeficiency virus multiepitopic peptide induces cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in cats, but does not confer protection. J Virol 71:7586-7592.
- Flynn JN, Cannon CA, Reid G, et al. 1995. Induction of feline immunodeficiency virus-specific cell-mediated and humoral immune responses following immunization with a multiple antigenic peptide from the envelope V3 domain. Immunology 85:171-175.
- Flynn JN, Cannon CA, Sloan D, et al. 1999. Suppression of feline immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro by a soluble factor secreted by CD8+ T lymphocytes. Immunology 96:220-229.
- Flynn JN, Dunham S, Mueller A, et al. 2002. Involvement of cytolytic and non-cytolytic T cells in control of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 85:159-170.
- Flynn JN, Hosie MJ, Rigby MA, et al. 2000. Factors influencing cellular immune responses to feline immunodeficiency virus induced by DNA vaccination. Vaccine 18:1118-1132.
- Flynn JN, Keating P, Hosie MJ, et al. 1996. Env-specific CTL predominate in cats protected from feline immunodeficiency virus infection by vaccination. J Immunol 157:3658-3665.
- Flynn JN, Pistello M, Isola P, et al. 2005. Adoptive immunotherapy of feline immunodeficiency virus with autologous ex vivo-stimulated lymphoid cells modulates virus and T-cell subsets in blood. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 12:736-745.
- Fogle JE, Mexas AM, Tompkins WA, et al. 2010. CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells inhibit CD8(+) IFN-gamma production during acute and chronic FIV infection utilizing a membrane TGF-beta-dependent mechanism. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 26:201-216.
- Foley JE, Leutenegger CM, Dumler S, et al. 2003. Evidence for modulated immune responses to Anaplasma phagocytophila sensu lato in cats with FIV-induced immunosuppression. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 26:103-113.
- Folkl A, Wen X, Kuczynski E, et al. 2010. Feline programmed death and its ligand: characterization and changes with feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:107-114.
- Foster SF, Charles JA, Swinney GR, et al. 1999. Multiple crusted cutaneous plaques in a cat. Aust Vet J 77:360, 367-368.
- Fouchet D, Leblanc G, Sauvage F, et al. 2009. Using dynamic stochastic modelling to estimate population risk factors in infectious disease: the example of FIV in 15 cat populations. PLoS One 4:e7377.
- Fox HS, Phillips TR. 2002. FIV and neuroAIDS. J Neurovirol 8:155-157.
- Franchini M, Dittmer A, Kottwitz B, et al. 1990. Clinical symptoms and humoral antibody response in cats experimentally infected with FIV and FeLV, pp 201-207. In Schellekens H, Horzinek MC (eds): Animal models in AIDS. Elsevier Science, New York.
- Franklin SP, Kays RW, Moreno R, et al. 2008. Ocelots on Barro Colorado Island are infected with feline immunodeficiency virus but not other common feline and canine viruses. J Wildl Dis 44:760-765.
- Franklin SP, Troyer JL, Terwee JA, et al. 2007. Frequent transmission of immunodeficiency viruses among bobcats and pumas. J Virol 81:10961-10969.
- Franklin SP, Troyer JL, Terwee JA, et al. 2007. Variability in assays used for detection of lentiviral infection in bobcats (Lynx rufus), pumas (Puma concolor), and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). J Wildl Dis 43:700-710.
- Freer G, Giannecchini S, Tissot A, et al. 2004. Dissection of seroreactivity against the tryptophan-rich motif of the feline immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein. Virology 322:360-369.
- Freer G, Matteucci D, Mazzetti P, et al. 2005. Generation of feline dendritic cells derived from peripheral blood monocytes for in vivo use. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 12:1202-1208.
- Freer G, Matteucci D, Mazzetti P, et al. 2007. Effects of feline immunodeficiency virus on feline monocyte-derived dendritic cells infected by spinoculation. J Gen Virol 88:2574-2582.
- Freer G, Matteucci D, Mazzetti P, et al. 2008. Evaluation of feline monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with internally inactivated virus as a vaccine against feline immunodeficiency virus. Clin Vaccine Immunol 15:452-459.
- Freer G, Matteucci D, Mazzetti P, et al. 2008. Immunotherapy with internally inactivated virus loaded dendritic cells boosts cellular immunity but does not affect feline immunodeficiency virus infection course. Retrovirology 5:33.
- Frey SC, Hoover EA, Mullins JI. 2001. Feline immunodeficiency virus cell entry. J Virol 75:5433-5440.
- Fromont E, Sager A, Leger F, et al. 2000. Prevalence and pathogenicity of retroviruses in wildcats in France. Vet Rec 146:317-319.
- Fu S, Chen D, Mao X, et al. 2003. Feline immunodeficiency virus-mediated viral interleukin-10 gene transfer prolongs non-vascularized cardiac allograft survival. Am J Transplant 3:552-561.
- Fujino Y, Horiuchi H, Mizukoshi F, et al. 2009. Prevalence of hematological abnormalities and detection of infected bone marrow cells in asymptomatic cats with feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Microbiol 136:217-225.
- Fuller FJ. 1997. Genes controlling retroviral virulence. Adv Vet Med 40:135-155.
- Gabor LJ, Love DN, Malik R, et al. 2001. Feline immunodeficiency virus status of Australian cats with lymphosarcoma. Aust Vet J 79:540-545.
- Garg H, Fuller FJ, Tompkins WA. 2004. Mechanism of feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein-mediated fusion. Virology 321:274-286.
- Garg H, Joshi A, Tompkins WA. 2004. Feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein mediates apoptosis in activated PBMC by a mechanism dependent on gp41 function. Virology 330:424-436.
- Gauss CB, Almeria S, Ortuno A, et al. 2003. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic cats from Barcelona, Spain. J Parasitol 89:1067-1068.
- Gavrilin MA, Mathes LE, Podell M. 2002. Methamphetamine enhances cell-associated feline immunodeficiency virus replication in astrocytes. J Neurovirol 8:240-249.
- Gebhard DH, Dow JL, Childers TA, et al. 1999. Progressive expansion of an L-selectin-negative CD8 cell with anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) suppressor function in the circulation of FIV-infected cats. J Infect Dis 180:1503-1513.
- Gemeniano MC, Sawai ET, Leutenegger CM, et al. 2003. Feline immunodeficiency virus ORF-A is required for virus particle formation and virus infectivity. J Virol 77:8819-8830.
- Gemeniano MC, Sawai ET, Sparger EE. 2004. Feline immunodeficiency virus Orf-A localizes to the nucleus and induces cell cycle arrest. Virology 325:167-174.
- Gentilini F, Novacco M, Turba ME, et al. 2009. Use of combined conventional and real-time PCR to determine the epidemiology of feline haemoplasma infections in Northern Italy. J Feline Med Surg 11:277-285.
- George JW, Pedersen NC, Higgins J. 1993. The effect of age on the course of experimental feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 9:897-905.
- George JW, Rideout BA, Griffey SM, et al. 2002. Effect of preexisting FeLV infection or FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus coinfection on pathogenicity of the small variant of Haemobartonella felis in cats. Am J Vet Res 63:1172-1178.
- Ghazawi A, Mustafa F, Phillip PS, et al. 2006. Both the 5′ and 3′ LTRs of FIV contain minor RNA encapsidation determinants compared to the two core packaging determinants within the 5′ untranslated region and gag. Microbes Infect 8:767-778.
- Giannecchini S, Alcaro MC, Isola P, et al. 2005. Feline immunodeficiency virus plasma load reduction by a retroinverso octapeptide reproducing the Trp-rich motif of the transmembrane glycoprotein. Antivir Ther 10:671-680.
- Giannecchini S, Bonci F, Pistello M, et al. 2004. The membrane-proximal tryptophan-rich region in the transmembrane glycoprotein ectodomain of feline immunodeficiency virus is important for cell entry. Virology 320:156-166.
- Giannecchini S, Del Mauro D, Matteucci D, et al. 2001. AIDS vaccination studies using an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: reevaluation of neutralizing antibody levels elicited by a protective and a nonprotective vaccine after removal of antisubstrate cell antibodies. J Virol 75:4424-4429.
- Giannecchini S, Di Fenza A, D’Ursi AM, et al. 2003. Antiviral activity and conformational features of an octapeptide derived from the membrane-proximal ectodomain of the feline immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein. J Virol 77:3724-4733.
- Giannecchini S, D’Ursi AM, Esposito C, et al. 2007. Antibodies generated in cats by a lipopeptide reproducing the membrane-proximal external region of the feline immunodeficiency virus transmembrane enhance virus infectivity. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14:944-951.
- Giannecchini S, Isola P, Sichi O, et al. 2002. AIDS vaccination studies using an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: failure to protect and possible enhancement of challenge infection by four cell-based vaccines prepared with autologous lymphoblasts. J Virol 76:6882-6892.
- Giannecchini S, Matteucci D, Bendinelli M. 1998. Effect of enzymatic deglycosylation on feline immunodeficiency virus sensitivity to antibody-mediated neutralization. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses 14:199-204.
- Giannecchini S, Matteucci D, Ferrari A, et al. 2001. Feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cat sera associated with the development of broad neutralization resistance in vivo drive similar reversions in vitro. J Virol 75:8868-8873.
- Giannecchini S, Pistello M, Del Santo B, et al. 2004. Changes in the SU can modulate the susceptibility of feline immunodeficiency virus to TM-derived entry inhibitors. New Microbiol 27:77-84.
- Giannecchini S, Pistello M, Isola P, et al. 2007. Role of Env in resistance of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats to superinfection by a second FIV strain as determined by using a chimeric virus. J Virol 81:10474-10485.
- Gibson KL, Keizer K, Golding C. 2002. A trap, neuter, and release program for feral cats in Prince Edward Island. Can Vet J 43:695-698.
- Glaus T, Hoffman-Lehmann R, Greene C, et al. 1997. Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae infection and correlation with disease status in cats in Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol 35:2883-2885.
- Gleich S, Hartmann K. 2009. Hematology and serum biochemistry of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected and feline leukemia virus-infected cats. J Vet Intern Med 23:552-558.
- Gleich SE, Krieger S, Hartmann K. 2009. Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus among client-owned cats and risk factors for infection in Germany. J Feline Med Surg 11:985-992.
- Gobert JM, Remington KM, Zhu YQ, et al. 1994. Multiple-drug-resistant mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus selected with 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine alone and in combination with 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:861-864.
- Goldkamp CE, Levy JK, Edinboro CH, et al. 2008. Seroprevalences of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus in cats with abscesses or bite wounds and rate of veterinarian compliance with current guidelines for retrovirus testing. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1152-1158.
- Gonin P, Fournier A, Oualikene W, et al. 1995. Immunization trial of cats with a replication-defective adenovirus type 5 expressing the ENV gene of feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Microbiol 45:393-401.
- Gonzalez-Alegre P, Bode N, Davidson BL, et al. 2005. Silencing primary dystonia: lentiviral-mediated RNA interference therapy for DYT1 dystonia. J Neurosci 25:10502-10509.
- Goto Y, Nishimura Y, Baba K, et al. 2002. Association of plasma viral RNA load with prognosis in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 76:10079-10083.
- Goto Y, Nishimura Y, Mizuno T, et al. 2000. Quantification of viral ribonucleic acid in plasma of cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Am J Vet Res 61:1609-1613.
- Grant CK, Fink EA, Sundstrom M, et al. 2009. Improved health and survival of FIV-infected cats is associated with the presence of autoantibodies to the primary receptor, CD134. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:19980-19985.
- Greene WK, Meers J, del Fierro G, et al. 1993. Extensive sequence variation of feline immunodeficiency virus env genes in isolates from naturally infected cats. Arch Virol 133:51-62.
- Gregg K, Polejaeva I. 2009. Risk of equine infectious anemia virus disease transmission through in vitro embryo production using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Theriogenology 72:289-299.
- Gregory CR, Griffey SM, Patz JD, et al. 1997. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 and AZT in cats experimentally infected with FIV. Feline Pract 25:23-31.
- 362a. Grinshpun A, Condiotti R, Waddington SN, et al. 2010. Neonatal gene therapy of glycogen storage disease type Ia using a feline immunodeficiency virus-based vector. Mol Ther 18:1592-1598.
- Groat R, Curato J, Seymour C, et al. 2003. Feline antibody response to Fort Dodge Fel-O-Vax FIV vaccine interferes with FIV diagnostic tests. Proceedings of the 21st Annual ACVIM Forum, Jun 4-8, Charlotte, NC.
- Gruol DL, Yu N, Parson KL, et al. 1998. Neurotoxic effects of feline immunodeficiency virus, FIV-PPR. J Neurovirol 4:415-425.
- Guiot AL, Rigal D, Chappuis G. 1997. Spontaneous programmed cell death (PCD) process of lymphocytes of FIV-infected cats: cellular targets and modulation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 58:93-106.
- Guiot AL, Rigal D, Chappuis G. 1997. Spontaneous programmed cell death (PCD) process of lymphocytes of FIV-infected cats: pharmacological manipulation in vitro. Int J Immunopharmacol 19:167-179.
- Gunn-Moore DA, Pearson GR, Harbour DA. 1996. Encephalitis associated with giant cells in a cat with naturally occurring feline immunodeficiency virus infection demonstrated by in situ hybridization. Vet Pathol 33:699-703.
- Guo X, Hu J, Whitney JB, et al. 2004. Important role for the CA-NC spacer region in the assembly of bovine immunodeficiency virus Gag protein. J Virol 78:551-560.
- Gupta S, Leutenegger C, Dean G, et al. 2006. Construction and characterization of feline immunodeficiency virus proviral mutants that coexpress interferon gamma and green fluorescent protein. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22:342-349.
- Gupta S, Leutenegger CM, Dean GA, et al. 2007. Vaccination of cats with attenuated feline immunodeficiency virus proviral DNA vaccine expressing gamma interferon. J Virol 81:465-473.
- Hankanga C, Kobayashi S, Yamada Y, et al. 2007. Adenosine deaminase activity in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Vet Med Sci 69:881-885.
- Hanlon MA, Marr JM, Hayes KA, et al. 1993. Loss of neutrophil and natural killer cell function following feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Viral Immunol 6:119-124.
- Hara Y, Ishida T, Ejima H, et al. 1990. Decrease in mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Jpn J Vet Sci 52:573-579.
- Harper SQ, Staber PD, Beck CR, et al. 2006. Optimization of feline immunodeficiency virus vectors for RNA interference. J Virol 80:9371-9380.
- Harrison TM, Mazet JK, Holekamp KE, et al. 2004. Antibodies to canine and feline viruses in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in the Masai Mara National Reserve. J Wildl Dis 40:1-10.
- Harrus S, Klement E, Aroch I, et al. 2002. Retrospective study of 46 cases of feline haemobartonellosis in Israel and their relationships with FeLV and FIV infection. Vet Rec 151:82-85.
- Hart RA, Billaud JN, Choi SJ, et al. 2002. Effects of 1,8-diaminooctane on the FIV Rev regulatory system. Virology 304:97-104.
- Hart SW, Nolte I. 1994. Hemostatic disorders in feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cats. J Vet Intern Med 8:355-362.
- Hart SW, Nolte I. 1995. Long-term treatment of diseased, FIV-seropositive field cats with azidothymidine (AZT). Zentralb Veterinarmed 42:397-409.
- Hartmann K. 1996. AZT in the treatment of feline immunodeficiency virus infection: part 1. Feline Pract 23(5):16-21.
- Hartmann K. 1996. AZT in the treatment of feline immunodeficiency virus infection: part 2, Feline Pract 23(6):13-20.
- Hartmann K. 1996. Feline immunodeficiency virus-causative agent of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome in cats. Eur J Med Res 1:547-550.
- Hartmann K. 1998. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection: an overview. Vet J 155:123-137.
- Hartmann K, Donath A, Beer B, et al. 1992. Use of two virustatica (AZT, PMEA) in the treatment of FIV and FeLV seropositive cats with clinical symptoms. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:167-175.
- Hartmann K, Ferk G, North TW, et al. 1997. Toxicity associated with high dosage 9-([2R,5R-2,5-dihydro-5-phosphonomethoxy]-2-furanyl) adenine therapy off attempts to abort early FIV infection. Antiviral Res 36:11-25.
- Hartmann K, Kuffer M, Balzarini J, et al. 1998. Efficacy of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (S)-9-(3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (FPMPA) and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) against feline immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 17:120-128.
- Hartmann K, Griessmayr P, Schulz B, et al. 2007. Quality of different in-clinic test systems for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus infection. J Feline Med Surg 9:439-445.
- Hartmann K, Werner RM, Egberink H, et al. 2001. Comparison of six in-house tests for the rapid diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency and feline leukaemia virus infections. Vet Rec 149:317-320.
- 388a. Hayama S, Yamamoto H, Nakanishi S, et al. 2010. Risk analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in Tsushima leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) and domestic cats using a geographic information system. J Vet Med Sci 72:1113-1118.
- Hayes KA, Koksoy S, Phipps AJ, et al. 2005. Lentivirus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses are rapidly lost in thymectomized cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 79:8237-8242.
- Hayes KA, Phipps AJ, Francke S, et al. 2000. Antiviral therapy reduces viral burden but does not prevent thymic involution in young cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44:2399-2405.
- Hayes KA, Wilkinson JG, Frick R, et al. 1995. Early suppression of viremia by ZDV does not alter the spread of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 9:114-122.
- Hayward JJ, Rodrigo AG. 2010. The distribution of feline immunodeficiency virus in tissue compartments of feral domestic cats. Arch Virol 155:411-416.
- Hayward JJ, Rodrigo AG. 2008. Recombination in feline immunodeficiency virus from feral and companion domestic cats. Virol J 5:76.
- 393a. Hayward JJ, Rodrigo AG. 2010. Molecular epidemiology of feline immunodeficiency virus in the domestic cat (Felis catus). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:68-74.
- Hayward JJ, Taylor J, Rodrigo AG. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus in feral and companion domestic cats of New Zealand. J Virol 81:2999-3004.
- Heaslet H, Lin YC, Tam K, et al. 2007. Crystal structure of an FIV/HIV chimeric protease complexed with the broad-based inhibitor, TL-3. Retrovirology 4:1.
- Heidel JR, Dubey JP, Blythe LL, et al. 1990. Myelitis in a cat infected with Toxoplasma gondii and feline immunodeficiency virus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 196:316-318.
- Hein A, Martin JP, Dörries R. 2001. In vitro activation of feline immunodeficiency virus in ramified microglial cells from asymptomatically infected cats. J Virol 75:8090-8095.
- Hein A, Martin JP, Dörries R. 2005. Early pathological changes in the central nervous system of acutely feline-immunodeficiency-virus-infected cats. Virology 343:162-170.
- Hein A, Martin JP, Koehren F, et al. 2000. In vivo infection of ramified microglia from adult cat central nervous system by feline immunodeficiency virus. Virology 268:420-429.
- Hein A, Schuh H, Thiel S, et al. 2003. Ramified feline microglia selects for distinct variants of feline immunodeficiency virus during early central nervous system infection. J Neurovirol 9:465-476.
- Heit B, Jones G, Knight D, et al. 2006. HIV and other lentiviral infections cause defects in neutrophil chemotaxis, recruitment, and cell structure: immunorestorative effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Immunol 177:6405-6414.
- Heller R, Artois M, Xemar V, et al. 1997. Prevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella claridgeiae in stray cats. J Clin Microbiol 35:1327-1331.
- Hesselink W, Sondermeijer P, Pouwels H, et al. 1999. Vaccination of cats against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV): a matter of challenge. Vet Microbiol 69:109-110.
- Hilker FM, Langlais M, Malchow H. 2009. The allee effect and infectious diseases: extinction, multistability, and the (dis-)appearance of oscillations. Am Nat 173:72-88.
- Hilker FM, Langlais M, Petrovskii SV, et al. 2007. A diffusive SI model with allee effect and application to FIV. Math Biosci 206:61-80.
- Hoffman R. 2003. Shelters concerned about screening for FIV. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:22.
- Hoffman-Fezer G, Thum J, Ackley C, et al. 1992. Decline in CD4+ cell numbers in cats with naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 66:1484-1488.
- Hoffmann-Lehmann R, Berger M, Sigrist B, et al. 1998. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection leads to increased incidence of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 65:299-308.
- Hoffman-Lehmann R, Holznagel E, Ossent P, et al. 1997. Parameters of disease progression in long-term experimental feline retrovirus (feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus) infections-hematology, clinical chemistry, and lymphocyte subsets. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 4:33-42.
- Hohdatsu T, Fujimori S, Maeki M, et al. 1997. Virus neutralizing antibody titer to feline immunodeficiency virus isolates of subtypes A, B and D in experimentally or naturally infected cats. J Vet Med Sci 59:377-381.
- Hohdatsu T, Hirabayashi H, Motokawa K, et al. 1996. Comparative study of the cell tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus isolates of subtypes A, B, and D classified on the basis of the env gene V3 - V5 sequence. J Gen Virol 77:93-100.
- Hohdatsu T, Miyagawa N, Ohkubo M, et al. 2000. Studies on feline CD8+ cell non-cytolytic anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) activity. Arch Virol 145:2525-2538.
- Hohdatsu T, Motokawa K, Usami M, et al. 1998. Genetic subtyping and epidemiological study of feline immunodeficiency virus by nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the gag gene. J Virol Methods 70:107-111.
- Hohdatsu T, Nakanishi T, Saito I, et al. 2005. Ability of CD8+ T cell anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) activity and FIV proviral DNA load in mononuclear cells in FIV-infected cats. J Vet Med Sci 67:129-131.
- Hohdatsu T, Okada S, Motokawa K, et al. 1997. Effect of dual-subtype vaccine against feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Microbiol 58:155-165.
- Hohdatsu T, Okubo M, Koyama H. 1998. Feline CD8+ T cell non-cytolytic anti-feline immunodeficiency virus activity mediated by a soluble factor(s). J Gen Virol 79:2729-2735.
- Hohdatsu T, Pu R, Torres BA, et al. 1993. Passive antibody protection of cats against feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 67:2344-2348.
- Hohdatsu T, Sasagawa T, Yamazaki A, et al. 2002. CD8+ T cells from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infected cats suppress exogenous FIV replication of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Arch Virol 147:1517-1529.
- Hohdatsu T, Yamazaki A, Yamada M, et al. 2003. Ability of CD8+ T cell anti-feline immunodeficiency virus activity correlated with peripheral CD4+ T cell counts and plasma viremia. Microbiol Immunol 47:765-773.
- Hokanson RM, TerWee J, Choi IS, et al. 2000. Dose response studies of acute feline immunodeficiency virus PPR strain infection in cats. Vet Microbiol 76:311-327.
- Holznagel E, Hoffmann-Lehmann R, Leutenegger CM, et al. 1998. The role of in vitro-induced lymphocyte apoptosis in feline immunodeficiency virus infection: correlation with different markers of disease expression. J Virol 72:9025-9033.
- Holznagel E, Lutz H, Steinhauer D, et al. 1997. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats at necropsy: a serological study. J Comp Pathol 116:339-352.
- 422a. Hong Y, Fink E, Hu QY, et al. 2010. OrfA downregulates feline immunodeficiency virus primary receptor CD134 on the host cell surface and is important in viral infection. J Virol 84:7225-7232.
- Hosie MJ, Addie D, Belak S, et al. 2009. Feline immunodeficiency. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 11:575-584.
- Hosie MJ, Beatty JA. 2007. Vaccine protection against feline immunodeficiency virus. Aust Vet J 85:302-303.
- Hosie MJ, Beatty JA. 2007. Vaccine protection against feline immunodeficiency virus: setting the challenge. Aust Vet J 85:5-12; quiz 85.
- Hosie MJ, Broere N, Hesselgesser J, et al. 1998. Modulation of feline immunodeficiency virus infection by stromal cell-derived factor. J Virol 72:2097-2104.
- Hosie MJ, Dunsford T, Klein D, et al. 2000. Vaccination with inactivated virus but not viral DNA reduces virus load following challenge with a heterologous and virulent isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 74:9403-9411.
- Hosie MJ, Dunsford TH, de Ronde A, et al. 1996. Suppression of virus burden by immunization with feline immunodeficiency virus env protein. Vaccine 14:405-411.
- Hosie MJ, Flynn JN. 1996. Feline immunodeficiency virus vaccination: characterization of the immune correlates of protection. J Virol 70:7561-7568.
- Hosie MJ, Flynn JN, Rigby MA, et al. 1998. DNA vaccination affords significant protection against feline immunodeficiency virus infection without inducing detectable antiviral antibodies. J Virol 72:7310-7319.
- Hosie MJ, Jarrett O. 1990. Serological responses of cats to feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS 4:215-220.
- Hosie MJ, Jarrett O. 1999. Analysis of the protective immunity induced by feline immunodeficiency virus vaccination. Adv Vet Med 41:325-332.
- Hosie MJ, Klein D, Binley JM, et al. 2005. Vaccination with an inactivated virulent feline immunodeficiency virus engineered to express high levels of env. J Virol 79:1954-1957.
- Hosie MJ, Osborne R, Reid G, et al. 1992. Enhancement after feline immunodeficiency virus vaccination. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:191-197.
- Hosie MJ, Osborne R, Yamamoto JK, et al. 1995. Protection against homologous but not heterologous challenge induced by inactivated feline immunodeficiency virus vaccines. J Virol 69:1253-1255.
- Hosie MJ, Willett BJ, Dunsford TH, et al. 1993. A monoclonal antibody which blocks infection with feline immunodeficiency virus identifies a possible non-CD4 receptor. J Virol 67:1667-1671.
- Hosie MJ, Willett BJ, Klein D, et al. 2002. Evolution of replication efficiency following infection with a molecularly cloned feline immunodeficiency virus of low virulence. J Virol 76:6062-6072.
- Howard KE, Burkhard MJ. 2007. FIV infection induces unique changes in phenotype and cellularity in the medial iliac lymph node and intestinal IEL. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23:720-728.
- Howard KE, Burkhard MJ. 2007. Mucosal challenge with cell-associated or cell-free feline immunodeficiency virus induces rapid and distinctly different patterns of phenotypic change in the mucosal and systemic immune systems. Immunology 122:571-583.
- Howard KE, Reckling SK, Egan EA, et al. 2010. Acute mucosal pathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus is independent of viral dose in vaginally infected cats. Retrovirology 7:2.
- 440a. Hu QY, Fink E, Hong Y, et al. 2010. Fine definition of the CXCR4-binding region on the V3 loop of feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein. PLoS One 5:e10689.
- Huang C, Conlee D, Gill M, et al. 2010. Dual-subtype feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine provides 12 months of protective immunity against heterologous challenge. J Feline Med Surg 12:451-457.
- Huang C, Conlee D, Loop J, et al. 2004. Efficacy and safety of a feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine. Anim Health Res Rev 5:295-300.
- Hudson LC, Bragg DC, Tompkins MB, et al. 2005. Astrocytes and microglia differentially regulate trafficking of lymphocyte subsets across brain endothelial cells. Brain Res 1058:148-160.
- Hudson LC, Tompkins MB, Meeker RB. 2008. Endothelial cell suppression of peripheral blood mononuclear cell trafficking in vitro during acute exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus. Cell Tissue Res 334:55-65.
- Huebner J, Bode L, Ludwig H. 2001. Borna disease virus infection in FIV-positive cats in Germany. Vet Rec 149:152.
- Hughes MS, Ball NW, Love DN, et al. 1999. Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection in a FIV-positive cat. J Feline Med Surg 1:23-29.
- Hughes SM, Moussavi-Harami F, Sauter SL, et al. 2002. Viral-mediated gene transfer to mouse primary neural progenitor cells. Mol Ther 5:16-24.
- Huisman W, Karlas JA, Siebelink KH, et al. 1998. Feline immunodeficiency virus subunit vaccines that induce virus neutralising antibodies but no protection against challenge infection. Vaccine 16:181-187.
- Huisman W, Martina BE, Rimmelzwaan GF, et al. 2009. Vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections. Vaccine 27:505-512.
- Huisman W, Schrauwen EJ, Pas SD, et al. 2004. Antibodies specific for hypervariable regions 3 to 5 of the feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein are not solely responsible for vaccine-induced acceleration of challenge infection in cats. J Gen Virol 85:1833-1841.
- Huisman W, Schrauwen EJ, Pas SD, et al. 2008. Evaluation of ISCOM-adjuvanted subunit vaccines containing recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus Rev, ORFa and envelope protein in cats. Vaccine 26:2553-2561.
- Huisman W, Schrauwen EJ, Rimmelzwaan GF, et al. 2008. Intrahost evolution of envelope glycoprotein and ORFa sequences after experimental infection of cats with a molecular clone and a biological isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus. Virus Res 137:24-32.
- Huisman W, Schrauwen EJ, Tijhaar E, et al. 2008. Evaluation of vaccination strategies against infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) based on recombinant viral vectors expressing FIV Rev and ORFa. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 126:332-338.
- Huitron-Resendiz S, DeRozieres S, Sanchez-Alvarez M, et al. 2004. Resolution and prevention of feline immunodeficiency virus-induced neurological deficits by treatment with the protease inhibitor TL-3. J Virol 78:4525-4532.
- 454a. Huitron-Resendiz S, Henriksen SJ, Barr MC, et al. 2010. Methamphetamine and lentivirus interactions: reciprocal enhancement of central nervous system disease. J Neurovirol 16:268-278.
- Hurtrel M, Ganiere J-P, Guelfi JF, et al. 1992. Comparison of early and late feline immunodeficiency virus encephalopathies. AIDS 6:399-406.
- Hutson CA, Rideout BA, Pedersen NC. 1991. Neoplasia associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats of Southern California. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1357-1362.
- Ignacio G, Nordone S, Howard KE, et al. 2005. Toll-like receptor expression in feline lymphoid tissues. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 106:229-237.
- Ikeda Y, Inoshima Y, Kawaguchi Y, et al. 1998. Protein-binding properties of the putative AP-1 and ATF sequences in the feline immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. J Gen Virol 79:95-99.
- Ikeda Y, Kawaguchi Y, Inoshima Y, et al. 1997. The effects of treatment with chemical agents of infection with feline viruses on protein-binding properties of the feline immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. Virus Res 51:203-212.
- Inoshima Y, Miyazawa T, Kohmoto M, et al. 1998. Cross virus neutralizing antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus genotypes A, B, C, D and E. Arch Virol 143:157-162.
- Inoshima Y, Miyazawa T, Mikami T. 1998. In vivo functions of the auxiliary genes and regulatory elements of feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Microbiol 60:141-153.
- Inoshima Y, Miyazawa T, Mikami T. 1998. The roles of vif and ORF-A genes and AP-1 binding site in in vivo replication of feline immunodeficiency virus. Arch Virol 143:789-795.
- Ikeda Y, Miyazawa T, Nishimura Y, et al. 2004. High genetic stability of TM1 and TM2 strains of subtype B feline immunodeficiency virus in long-term infection. J Vet Med Sci 66:287-289.
- Ishikawa M, Okada M, Baba K, et al. 2008. Establishment of a feline astrocyte-derived cell line (G355-5 cells) expressing feline CD134 and a rapid quantitative assay for T-lymphotropic feline immunodeficiency viruses. J Virol Methods 151:242-248.
- Ishida T, Taniguchi A, Matsumura S, et al. 1992. Long-term clinical observations on feline immunodeficiency virus infected asymptomatic carriers. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:15-22.
- Ishida T, Tomoda I. 1990. Clinical staging of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Jpn J Vet Sci 52:645-648.
- Iwata D, Holloway SA. 2008. Molecular subtyping of feline immunodeficiency virus from cats in Melbourne. Aust Vet J 86:385-389.
- Jacobson RH. 1991. How well do serodiagnostic tests predict the infection or disease status of cats? J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1343-1347.
- Jacobson S, Henriksen SJ, Prospero-Garcia O, et al. 1997. Cortical neuron cytoskeletal changes associated with FIV infection. J Neurovirol 3:283-289.
- James L, Sargueil B. 2008. RNA secondary structure of the feline immunodeficiency virus 5′ UTR and Gag coding region. Nucleic Acids Res 36:4653-4666.
- Janic B, Zhang X, Li W. 2008. Feline immunodeficiency virus-mediated long-term transgene expression in undifferentiated retinal progenitor cells and its downregulation in differentiated cells. Mol Vis 14:2117-2125.
- Jarrett O. 1999. Strategies of retrovirus survival in the cat. Vet Microbiol 69:99-107.
- Javanbakht H, Diaz-Griffero F, Yuan W, et al. 2007. The ability of multimerized cyclophilin A to restrict retrovirus infection. Virology 367:19-29.
- Jayaraman P, Haigwood NL. 2006. Animal models for perinatal transmission of HIV-1. Front Biosci 11:2828-2844.
- Jeng CR, English RV, Childers T, et al. 1996. Evidence for CD8+ antiviral activity in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 70:2474-2480.
- Johnson CM, Benson NA, Papadi GP. 1996. Apoptosis and CD4+ lymphocyte depletion following feline immunodeficiency virus infection of a T-lymphocyte cell line. Vet Pathol 33:195-203.
- Johnson CM, Bortnick SJ, Crawford PC, et al. 2001. Unique susceptibility of the fetal thymus to feline immunodeficiency virus infection: an animal model for HIV infection in utero. Am J Reprod Immunol 45:273-288.
- Johnson CM, Papadi GP, Tompkins WA, et al. 1998. Biphasic thymus response by kittens inoculated with feline immunodeficiency virus during fetal development. Vet Pathol 35:191-201.
- Johnston J, Power C. 1999. Productive infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by feline immunodeficiency virus: implications for vector development. J Virol 73:2491-2498.
- Johnston JB, Jiang Y, van Marle G, et al. 2000. Lentivirus infection in the brain induces matrix metalloproteinase expression: role of envelope diversity. J Virol 74:7211-7220.
- Johnston JB, Olson ME, Rud EW, et al. 2001. Xenoinfection of nonhuman primates by feline immunodeficiency virus. Curr Biol 11:1109-1113.
- Johnston JB, Power C. 2002. Feline immunodeficiency virus xenoinfection: the role of chemokine receptors and envelope diversity. J Virol 76:3626-3636.
- Johnston JB, Silva C, Hiebert T, et al. 2002. Neurovirulence depends on virus input titer in brain in feline immunodeficiency virus infection: evidence for activation of innate immunity and neuronal injury. J Neurovirol 8:420-431.
- Johnston JB, Silva C, Power C. 2002. Envelope gene-mediated neurovirulence in feline immunodeficiency virus infection: induction of matrix metalloproteinases and neuronal injury. J Virol 76:2622-2633.
- Johnston JC, Gasmi M, Lim LE, et al. 1999. Minimum requirements for efficient transduction of dividing and nondividing cells by feline immunodeficiency virus vectors. J Virol 73:4991-5000.
- Jordan HL, Howard J, Barr MC, et al. 1998. Feline immunodeficiency virus is shed in semen from experimentally and naturally infected cats. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 14:1087-1092.
- Jordan HL, Howard J, Sellon RK, et al. 1996. Transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in domestic cats via artificial insemination. J Virol 70:8224-8228.
- Jordan HL, Howard J, Tompkins WA, et al. 1995. Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus in semen from seropositive domestic cats (Felis catus). J Virol 69:7328-7333.
- Jordan HL, Howard JG, Bucci JG, et al. 1998. Horizontal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus with semen from seropositive cats. J Reprod Immunol 41:341-357.
- Jordan HL, Liang Y, Hudson LC, et al. 1999. Shedding of feline immunodeficiency virus in semen of domestic cats during acute infection. Am J Vet Res 60:211-215.
- Jordan HL, Scappino LA, Moscardini M, et al. 2002. Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus RNA by two nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) formats. J Virol Methods 103:1-13.
- Joshi A, Garg H, Tompkins MB, et al. 2005. Different thresholds of T cell activation regulate FIV infection of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25− cells. Virology 335:212-221.
- Joshi A, Garg H, Tompkins MB, et al. 2005. Preferential feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection of CD4+ CD25+ T-regulatory cells correlates both with surface expression of CXCR4 and activation of FIV long terminal repeat binding cellular transcriptional factors. J Virol 79:4965-4976.
- Joshi A, Vahlenkamp TW, Garg H, et al. 2004. Preferential replication of FIV in activated CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells independent of cellular proliferation. Virology 321:307-322.
- Kahler SC. 2002. American Association of Feline Practitioners. Deluge of questions prompts AAFP to develop FIV vaccine brief. American Association of Feline Practitioners. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1231-1232.
- Kakinuma S, Motokawa K, Hohdatsu T, et al. 1995. Nucleotide sequence of feline immunodeficiency virus: classification of Japanese isolates into two subtypes which are distinct from non-Japanese subtypes. J Virol 69:3639-3646.
- Kamhieh S, Hodgson JL, Bode L, et al. 2008. Borna disease virus: evidence of naturally-occurring infection in cats in Australia. APMIS Suppl (124):50-52.
- Kang Y, Moressi CJ, Scheetz TE, et al. 2006. Integration site choice of a feline immunodeficiency virus vector. J Virol 80:8820-8823.
- Kang Y, Stein CS, Heth JA, et al. 2002. In vivo gene transfer using a nonprimate lentiviral vector pseudotyped with Ross River Virus glycoproteins. J Virol 76:9378-9388.
- Kang Y, Xie L, Tran DT, et al. 2005. Persistent expression of factor VIII in vivo following nonprimate lentiviral gene transfer. Blood 106:1552-1558.
- Kania SA, Kennedy MA, Potgieter LND. 1997. Serologic reactivity using conserved envelope epitopes in feline lentivirus-infected felids. J Vet Diagn Invest 9:125-129.
- Kankkonen HM, Turunen MP, Hiltunen MO, et al. 2004. Feline immunodeficiency virus and retrovirus-mediated adventitial ex vivo gene transfer to rabbit carotid artery using autologous vascular smooth muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 36:333-341.
- Kann R, Seddon J, Kyaw-Tanner M, et al. 2007. Co-infection with different subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus can complicate subtype assignment by phylogenetic analysis. Arch Virol 152:1187-1193.
- Kann R, Seddon J, Kyaw-Tanner M, et al. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis to define feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes in 31 domestic cats in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 77:108-113.
- Kann RK, Kyaw-Tanner MT, Seddon JM, et al. 2006. Molecular subtyping of feline immunodeficiency virus from domestic cats in Australia. Aust Vet J 84:112-116.
- Kann RK, Seddon JM, Meers J, et al. 2007. Feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes in domestic cats in New Zealand. NZ Vet J 55:358-360.
- Kanzaki LI, Looney DJ. 2004. Feline immunodeficiency virus: a concise review. Front Biosci 9:370-377.
- Karlas JA, Siebelink KH, v Peer MA, et al. 1998. Accelerated viraemia in cats vaccinated with fixed autologous FIV-infected cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 65:353-365.
- Karlas JA, Siebelink KH, v Peer MA, et al. 1999. Vaccination with experimental feline immunodeficiency virus vaccines, based on autologous infected cells, elicits enhancement of homologous challenge infection. J Gen Virol 80:761-765.
- Kashiwase H, Ishimura M, Ishikawa Y, et al. 1997. Characterization of one monoclonal antibody against feline immunodeficiency virus p24 and its application to antigen capture ELISA. J Virol Methods 68:183-192.
- Kashiwase H, Katsube T, Iida K, et al. 2000. Investigation into the mode of action of R-91650, an arylpiperazinyl fluoroquinolone, on feline immunodeficiency virus replication inhibitory activity. Arch Virol 145:859-869.
- Kashiwase H, Katsube T, Kimura T, et al. 2000. 8-Difluoromethoxy-4-quinolone derivatives as anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) agents: important structural features for inhibitory activity of FIV replication. J Vet Med Sci 62:499-504.
- 512a. Keet DF, Michel AL, Bengis RG, et al. 2010. Intradermal tuberculin testing of wild African lions (Panthera leo) naturally exposed to infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Microbiol 144:384-391.
- Kelly PJ, Moura L, Miller T, et al. 2010. Feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus and Bartonella species in stray cats on St Kitts, West Indies. J Feline Med Surg 12:447-450.
- Kemler I, Azmi I, Poeschla EM. 2004. The critical role of proximal gag sequences in feline immunodeficiency virus genome encapsidation. Virology 327:111-120.
- Kemler I, Barraza R, Poeschla EM. 2002. Mapping the encapsidation determinants of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 76:11889-11903.
- 515a. Kemler I, Meehan A, Poeschla EM. 2010. Live-cell coimaging of the genomic RNAs and Gag proteins of two lentiviruses. J Virol 84:6352-6366.
- Kennedy JM, Hoke A, Zhu Y, et al. 2004. Peripheral neuropathy in lentivirus infection: evidence of inflammation and axonal injury. AIDS 18:1241-1250.
- Kenny MJ, Baxter KJ, Avery NC, et al. 2007. Altered tryptophan metabolism in FIV-positive cats. J Vet Intern Med 21:539-541.
- Kenyon JC, Ghazawi A, Cheung WK, et al. 2008. The secondary structure of the 5′ end of the FIV genome reveals a long-range interaction between R/U5 and gag sequences, and a large, stable stem-loop. RNA 14:2597-2608.
- Kerr MG. 2002. Testing for FeLV and FIV infection. Vet Rec 150:28.
- Kervinen J, Lubkowski J, Zdanov A, et al. 1998. Toward a universal inhibitor of retroviral proteases: comparative analysis of the interactions of LP-130 complexed with proteases from HIV-1, FIV and EIAV. Protein Sci 7:2314-2323.
- Khare PD, Loewen N, Teo W, et al. 2008. Durable, safe, multi-gene lentiviral vector expression in feline trabecular meshwork. Mol Ther 16:97-106.
- Kidney BA, Ellis JA, Haines DM, et al. 2000. Evaluation of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from vaccine site-associated sarcomas of cats for DNA of feline immunodeficiency virus. Am J Vet Res 61:1037-1041.
- Kipar A, Boretti FS, Meli MM, et al. 2004. Reduced constitutive cytokine transcription in isolated monocytes of clinically healthy cats, infected with an FIV strain of low pathogenicity. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 98:215-221.
- Klein D, Janda P, Steinborn R, et al. 1999. Proviral load determination of different feline immunodeficiency virus isolates using real-time polymerase chain reaction: influence of mismatches on quantification. Electrophoresis 20:291-299.
- Klein D, Leutenegger CM, Bahula C, et al. 2001. Influence of preassay and sequence variations on viral load determination by a multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for feline immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 26:8-20.
- Klonjkowski B, Klein D, Galea S, et al. 2009. Gag-specific immune enhancement of lentiviral infection after vaccination with an adenoviral vector in an animal model of AIDS. Vaccine 27:928-939.
- Knotek Z, Hajkova P, Svoboda M, et al. 1999. Epidemiology of feline leukaemia and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in the Czech Republic. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 46:665-671.
- Kobayashi S, Sato R, Aoki T, et al. 2008. Effect of bovine lactoferrin on functions of activated feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Vet Med Sci 70:429-435.
- Kohmoto M, Ikeda Y, Sato E, et al. 2003. Experimental mucosal infection with molecularly cloned feline immunodeficiency viruses. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 10:185-188.
- Kohmoto M, Miyazawa T, Sato E, et al. 1998. Cats are protected against feline immunodeficiency virus infection following vaccination with a homologous AP-1 binding site-deleted mutant. Arch Virol 143:1839-1845.
- Kohmoto M, Miyazawa T, Tomonaga K, et al. 1994. Comparison of biological properties of feline immunodeficiency virus isolates using recombinant chimeric viruses. J Gen Virol 75:1935-1942.
- Kohmoto M, Uetsuka K, Ikeda Y, et al. 1998. Eight-year observation and comparative study of specific pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) subtypes A and B: terminal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cat infected with FIV Petaluma strain. J Vet Med Sci 60:315-321.
- Kohn B, Linden T, Leibold W. 2006. Platelet-bound antibodies detected by a flow cytometric assay in cats with thrombocytopenia. J Feline Med Surg 8:254-260.
- Koirala TR, Nakagaki K, Ishida T, et al. 2001. Decreased expression of MAP-2 and GAD in the brain of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Tohoku J Exp Med 195:141-151.
- Koirala TR, Sharma S, Morikawa S, et al. 2000. Expression of CXCR4 in the brain of feline immunodeficiency virus infected cat. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 43:285-290.
- Kolenda-Roberts HM, Kuhnt LA, Jennings RN, et al. 2007. Immunopathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in the fetal and neonatal cat. Front Biosci 12:3668-3682.
- Kovacs EM, Baxter GD, Robinson WF. 1999. Feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells express message for both CXC and CC type chemokine receptors. Arch Virol 144:273-285.
- Kraase M, Sloan R, Klein D, et al. 2010. Feline immunodeficiency virus env gene evolution in experimentally infected cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:96-106.
- Kraus LA, Bradley WG, Engelman RW, et al. 1996. Relationship between tumor necrosis factor alpha and feline immunodeficiency virus expressions. J Virol 70:566-569.
- Kubes P, Heit B, van Marle G, et al. 2003. In vivo impairment of neutrophil recruitment during lentivirus infection. J Immunol 171:4801-4808.
- Kuhnt LA, Jennings RN, Brawner WR Jr, et al. 2009. Magnetic resonance imaging of radiation-induced thymic atrophy as a model for pathologic changes in acute feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Feline Med Surg 11:977-984.
- 541a. Kumar SB, Leavell S, Porter K, et al. 2010. Prior mucosal exposure to heterologous cells alters the pathogenesis of cell-associated mucosal feline immunodeficiency virus challenge. Retrovirology 7:49.
- Kurosawa K, Ikeda Y, Miyazawa T, et al. 1999. Development of restriction fragment-length polymorphism method to differentiate five subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus. Microbiol Immunol 43:817-820.
- Kusuhara H, Hohdatsu T, Okumura M, et al. 2005. Dual-subtype vaccine (Fel-O-Vax FIV) protects cats against contact challenge with heterologous subtype B FIV infected cats. Vet Microbiol 108:155-165.
- Kusuhara H, Hohdatsu T, Seta T, et al. 2007. Serological differentiation of FIV-infected cats from dual-subtype feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine (Fel-O-Vax FIV) inoculated cats. Vet Microbiol 120:217-225.
- Kyaw-Tanner MT, Greene WK, Park H-S, et al. 1994. The induction of in vivo superinfection and recombination using feline immunodeficiency virus as the model. Arch Virol 138:261-271.
- Kyrkanides S, Fiorentino PM, Miller JN, et al. 2007. Amelioration of pain and histopathologic joint abnormalities in the Col1-IL-1beta(XAT) mouse model of arthritis by intraarticular induction of mu-opioid receptor into the temporomandibular joint. Arthritis Rheum 56:2038-2048.
- Kyrkanides S, Kambylafkas P, Miller JH, et al. 2004. Non-primate lentiviral vector administration in the TMJ. J Dent Res 83:65-70
- Kyrkanides S, Miller JH, Brouxhon SM, et al. 2005. Beta-hexosaminidase lentiviral vectors: transfer into the CNS via systemic administration. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 133:286-298.
- Kyrkanides S, Miller JH, Federoff HJ. 2003. Systemic FIV vector administration: transduction of CNS immune cells and Purkinje neurons. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 119:1-9.
- Kyrkanides S, Yang M, Tallents RH, et al. 2009. The trigeminal retrograde transfer pathway in the treatment of neurodegeneration. J Neuroimmunol 209:139-142.
- Laco GS, Fitzgerald MC, Morris GM, et al. 1997. Molecular analysis of the feline immunodeficiency virus protease: generation of a novel form of the protease by autoproteolysis and construction of cleavage-resistant proteases. J Virol 71:5505-5511.
- Laco GS, Schalk-Hihi C, Lubkowski J, et al. 1997. Crystal structures of the inactive D30N mutant of feline immunodeficiency virus protease complexed with a substrate and an inhibitor. Biochemistry 36:10696-10708.
- Lai YC, Shaftel SS, Miller JN, et al. 2006. Intraarticular induction of interleukin-1beta expression in the adult mouse, with resultant temporomandibular joint pathologic changes, dysfunction, and pain. Arthritis Rheum 54:1184-1197.
- Lankford S, Petty C, LaVoy A, et al. 2008. Cloning of feline FOXP3 and detection of expression in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 122:159-166.
- Lappin MR, Black JC. 1999. Bartonella sp. infection as a possible cause of uveitis in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:1205-1207.
- Lappin MR, Dow SW, Reif JS, et al. 1997. Elevated interleukin 6 activity in aqueous humor of cats with uveitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 58:17-26.
- Lappin MR, Gasper PW, Rose BJ, et al. 1992. Effect of primary phase feline immunodeficiency virus infection on cats with chronic toxoplasmosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:121-132.
- Lappin MR, George JW, Pedersen NC, et al. 1996. Primary and secondary Toxoplasma gondii infection in normal and feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. J Parasitol 82:733-742.
- Lappin MR, Marks A, Greene CE, et al. 1992. Serologic prevalence of selected infectious diseases in cats with uveitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1005-1009.
- Lappin MR, Marks A, Greene CE, et al. 1993. Effect of feline immunodeficiency virus infection on Toxoplasma gondii–specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of cats with serologic evidence of toxoplasmosis. J Vet Intern Med 7:95-100.
- 560a. Larue RS, Lengyel J, Jonsson SR, et al. 2010. Lentiviral Vif degrades the APOBEC3Z3/APOBEC3H protein of its mammalian host and is capable of cross-species activity. J Virol 84:8193-8201.
- Lawrence CE, Callanan JJ, Jarrett O. 1992. Decreased mitogen responsiveness and elevated tumor necrosis factor production in cats shortly after feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:51-59.
- Lawrence CE, Callanan JJ, Willett BJ, et al. 1995. Cytokine production by cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: a longitudinal study. Immunology 85:568-574.
- Lawrence K. 2002. Prevalence of FeLV and antibodies to FIV and FCoV in Falkland Island cats. Vet Rec 151:711-712.
- Le VD, Mak CC, Lin YC, et al. 2001. Structure-activity studies of FIV and HIV protease inhibitors containing allophenylnorstatine. Bioorg Med Chem 9:1185-1195.
- Leavell S, Wright B, Scappino L, et al. 2005. Induction of serum and mucosal FIV-specific immune responses by intranasal immunization with p24Gag. Vaccine 23:1471-1478.
- Lecollinet S, Richardson J. 2008. Vaccination against the feline immunodeficiency virus: the road not taken. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 31:167-190.
- Lee IT, Levy JK, Gorman SP, et al. 2002. Prevalence of feline leukemia virus infection and serum antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus in unowned free-roaming cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:620-622.
- 567a. Lee K, Ambrose Z, Martin TD, et al. 2010. Flexible use of nuclear import pathways by HIV-1. Cell Host Microbe 7:221-233.
- Lee T, Laco GS, Torbett BE, et al. 1998. Analysis of the S3 and S3′ subsite specificities of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) protease: development of a broad-based protease inhibitor efficacious against FIV, SIV, and HIV in vitro and ex vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:939-944.
- Lehman R, Franchini M, Aubert A, et al. 1991. Vaccination of cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus using a recombinant feline leukemia virus vaccine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1446-1452.
- Lehman R, Joller H, Haagmans BL, et al. 1992. Tumor necrosis factor a levels in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: effects of immunization and feline leukemia virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:61-69.
- Lehman TL, O’Halloran KP, Fallon SA, et al. 2009. Altered bone marrow dendritic cell cytokine production to toll-like receptor and CD40 ligation during chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Immunology 126:405-412.
- Lehman TL, O’Halloran KP, Hoover EA, et al. 2010. Utilizing the FIV model to understand dendritic cell dysfunction and the potential role of dendritic cell immunization in HIV infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:75-81.
- Lehman R, von Beust B, Niederer E, et al. 1992. Immunization-induced decrease of the CD4+:CD8+ ratio in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:199-214.
- Lerner DL, Elder JH. 2000. Expanded host cell tropism and cytopathic properties of feline immunodeficiency virus strain PPR subsequent to passage through interleukin-2-independent T cells. J Virol 74:1854-1863.
- Lerner DL, Grant CK, de Parseval A, et al. 1998. FIV infection of IL-2-dependent and -independent feline lymphocyte lines: host cells range distinctions and specific cytokine upregulation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 65:277-297.
- Leutenegger CM, Boretti FS, Mislin CN, et al. 2000. Immunization of cats against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection by using minimalistic immunogenic defined gene expression vector vaccines expressing FIV gp140 alone or with feline interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-16, or a CpG motif. J Virol 74:10447-10457.
- Leutenegger CM, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Holznagel E, et al. 1998. Partial protection by vaccination with recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoproteins. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 14:275-283.
- Leutenegger CM, Holznagel E, Hoffman-Lehmann R, et al. 2000. Vaccination with feline immunodeficiency virus induces CD4 epitope masking by soluble factors. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 73:343-352.
- Leutenegger CM, Huder JB, Mislin CN, et al. 2000. Molecular characterization of feline interleukin 16: chemotactic activity and effect on feline immunodeficiency virus infection and/or replication. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 16:569-575.
- Leutenegger CM, Klein D, Hoffmann-Lehmann R, et al. 1998. Rapid feline immunodeficiency virus provirus quantitation by polymerase chain reaction using the TaqMan fluorogenic real-time detection system. J Virol Methods 78:105-116.
- Levine DF, Gutmann JL, Witherspoon DE, et al. 2001. Feline immunodeficiency virus model to study human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome conditions. J Endod 27:467-469.
- Levine DF, Witherspoon DE, Gutmann JL, et al. 2001. Interleukin-1beta production in periradicular lesions in a human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome model compared with a noninfected host. J Endod 27:499-502.
- Levine DF, Witherspoon DE, Gutmann JL, et al. 2001. The effect of FIV infection on CD4+ and CD8+ counts in periradicular lesions. Int Endod J 34:586-593.
- Levy J, Crawford C, Hartmann K, et al. 2008. 2008 American Association of Feline Practitioners’ feline retrovirus management guidelines. J Feline Med Surg 10:300-316.
- Levy J, Richards J, Edwards D, et al. 2003. 2001 Report of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel on feline retrovirus testing and management. J Feline Med Surg 5:3-10.
- Levy JK. 2000. Feline immunodeficiencyvirus, pp 284-288. In Bonagura JD (ed): Current veterinary therapy XIII. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
- Levy JK, Crawford PC, Kusuhara H, et al. 2008. Differentiation of feline immunodeficiency virus vaccination, infection, or vaccination and infection in cats. J Vet Intern Med 22:330-334.
- Levy JK, Crawford PC, Lappin MR, et al. 2008. Infectious diseases of dogs and cats on Isabela Island, Galapagos. J Vet Intern Med 22:60-65
- Levy JK, Crawford PC, Slater MR. 2004. Effect of vaccination against feline immunodeficiency virus on results of serologic testing in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1558-1561.
- Levy JK, Edinboro CH, Glotfelty CS, et al. 2007. Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, feline leukemia virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among dogs and cats exported from the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricane disaster area. J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:218-225.
- Levy JK, Liang Y, Ritchey JW, et al. 2004. Failure of FIV-infected cats to control Toxoplasma gondii correlates with reduced IL2, IL6, and IL12 and elevated IL10 expression by lymph node T cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 98:101-111.
- Levy JK, Lorentzen L, Shields L, et al. 2006. Long-term outcome of cats with natural FeLV and FIV infection. 8th International Feline Retrovirus Research Symposium, Oct 8-11, Washington, DC.
- Levy JK, Ritchey JW, Rottman JB, et al. 1998. Elevated interleukin-10-to-interleukin-12 ratio in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats predicts loss of type 1 immunity to Toxoplasma gondii. J Infect Dis 178:503-511.
- Levy JK, Scott HM, Lachtara JL, et al. 2006. Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in North America and risk factors for seropositivity. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:371-376.
- Levy JK, Snyder PS, Taveres LM, et al. 2003. Prevalence and risk factors for heartworm infection in cats from northern Florida. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:533-537
- Li J, Brown WC, Song W, et al. 1995. Retroviral vector-transduced cells expressing the core polyprotein induce feline immunodeficiency virus specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes from infected cats. Virus Res 38:93-109.
- Li M, Morris GM, Lee T, et al. 2000. Structural studies of FIV and HIV-1 proteases complexed with an efficient inhibitor of FIV protease. Proteins 38:29-40.
- Li Z, Phadke A, Weaver EA, et al. 2005. Feline CD8+ cells induced with FIV infected, irradiated T cells produce multiple anti-FIV factors. Dev Comp Immunol 29:809-824.
- Liang Y, Hudson LC, Levy JK, et al. 2000. T cells overexpressing interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 are found in both the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissues of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. J Infect Dis 181:564-575.
- Lickey AL, Kennedy M, Patton S, et al. 2005. Serologic survey of domestic felids in the Peten region of Guatemala. J Zoo Wildl Med 36:121-123.
- Lin D-S, Bowman DD. 1992. Macrophage functions in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus and Toxoplasma gondii. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 33:69-78.
- Lin D-S, Bowman DD, Jacobson RH. 1990. Suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis to mitogens in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 26:183-189.
- Lin D-S, Bowman DD, Jacobson RH. 1992. Immunological changes in cats with concurrent Toxoplasma gondii and feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Microbiol 30:17-24.
- Lin LH, Langasek JE, Talman LS, et al. 2009. Feline immunodeficiency virus as a gene transfer vector in the rat nucleus tractus solitarii. Cell Mol Neurobiol 30:339-346.
- Lin TY, Emerman M. 2006. Cyclophilin A interacts with diverse lentiviral capsids. Retrovirology 3:70.
- Lin YC, Beck Z, Lee T, et al. 2000. Alteration of substrate and inhibitor specificity of feline immunodeficiency virus protease. J Virol 74:4710-4720.
- Lin YC, Brik A, de Parseval A, et al. 2006. Altered gag polyprotein cleavage specificity of feline immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus mutant proteases as demonstrated in a cell-based expression system. J Virol 80:7832-7843.
- Lin YL, Noel D, Mettling C, et al. 2004. Feline immunodeficiency virus vectors for efficient transduction of primary human synoviocytes: application to an original model of rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Gene Ther 15:588-596.
- 608a. Lin YC, Torbett BE, Elder JH. 2010. Generation of infectious feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) encoding FIV/human immunodeficiency virus chimeric protease. J Virol 84:6799-6809.
- Linenberger ML, Abkowitz JL. 1995. Haematological disorders associated with feline retrovirus infections. Baillieres Clin Haematol 8:73-112.
- Linenberger ML, Beebe AM, Pedersen NC, et al. 1995. Marrow accessory cell infection and alterations in hematopoiesis accompany severe neutropenia during experimental acute infection with feline immunodeficiency virus. Blood 85:941-951.
- Linenberger ML, Deng T. 1999. The effects of feline retroviruses on cytokine expression. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 72:343-368.
- Linenberger ML, Shelton GH, Persik MT, et al. 1991. Hematopoiesis in asymptomatic cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Blood 78:1963-1968.
- Little S, Sears W, Lachtara J, et al. 2009. Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in Canada. Can Vet J 50:644-648.
- Little SE. 2005. Feline immunodeficiency virus testing in stray, feral, and client-owned cats of Ottawa. Can Vet J 46:898-901.
- 614a. Liu C, Cheng Q, Nguyen T, et al. 2010. Knockdown of NBCe1 in vivo compromises the corneal endothelial pump. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51:5190-5197.
- Liu P, Hudson LC, Tompkins MB, et al. 2006. Cerebrospinal fluid is an efficient route for establishing brain infection with feline immunodeficiency virus and transferring infectious virus to the periphery. J Neurovirol 12:294-306.
- Liu P, Hudson LC, Tompkins MB, et al. 2006. Compartmentalization and evolution of feline immunodeficiency virus between the central nervous system and periphery following intracerebroventricular or systemic inoculation. J Neurovirol 12:307-321.
- Llano M, Delgado S, Vanegas M, et al. 2004. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor/p75 prevents proteasomal degradation of HIV-1 integrase. J Biol Chem 279:55570-55577.
- Llano M, Vanegas M, Fregoso O, et al. 2004. LEDGF/p75 determines cellular trafficking of diverse lentiviral but not murine oncoretroviral integrase proteins and is a component of functional lentiviral preintegration complexes. J Virol 78:9524-9537.
- 618a. Lockett NN, Scott VL, Boudreaux CE, et al. 2010. Expression of regulatory T cell (Treg) activation markers in endometrial tissues from early and late pregnancy in the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cat. Placenta 31:796-802.
- Lockridge KM, Chien M, Dean GA, et al. 2000. Protective immunity against feline immunodeficiency virus induced by inoculation with vif-deleted proviral DNA. Virology 273:67-79.
- Lockridge KM, Himathongkham S, Sawai ET, et al. 1999. The feline immunodeficiency virus vif gene is required for productive infection of feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. Virology 261:25-30.
- Loewen N, Bahler C, Teo WL, et al. 2002. Preservation of aqueous outflow facility after second-generation FIV vector-mediated expression of marker genes in anterior segments of human eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43:3686-3690.
- Loewen N, Barraza R, Whitwam T, et al. 2003. FIV vectors. Methods Mol Biol 229:251-271.
- Loewen N, Fautsch MP, Peretz M, et al. 2001. Genetic modification of human trabecular meshwork with lentiviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 12:2109-2119.
- Loewen N, Leske DA, Cameron JD, et al. 2004. Long-term retinal transgene expression with FIV versus adenoviral vectors. Mol Vis 10:272-280.
- Loewen N, Leske DA, Chen Y, et al. 2003. Comparison of wild-type and class I integrase mutant-FIV vectors in retina demonstrates sustained expression of integrated transgenes in retinal pigment epithelium. J Gene Med 5:1009-1017.
- Lombardi S, Garzelli C, Pistello M, et al. 1994. A neutralizing antibody-inducing peptide of the V3 domain of feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein does not induce protective immunity. J Virol 68:8374-8379.
- Lopes AP, Cardoso L, Rodrigues M. 2008. Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats from northeastern Portugal. Vet Parasitol 155:184-189.
- Lotery AJ, Derksen TA, Russell SR, et al. 2002. Gene transfer to the nonhuman primate retina with recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus vectors. Hum Gene Ther 13:689-696.
- Luria BJ, Levy JK, Lappin MR, et al. 2004. Prevalence of infectious diseases in feral cats in northern Florida. J Feline Med Surg 6:287-296.
- Luttge BG, Freed EO. 2010. FIV Gag: virus assembly and host-cell interactions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:3-13.
- Luttge BG, Shehu-Xhilaga M, Demirov DG, et al. 2008. Molecular characterization of feline immunodeficiency virus budding. J Virol 82:2106-2119.
- Lutz H, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Leutenegger C, et al. 1996. Vaccination of cats with recombinant envelope glyproprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus. Decreased viral load after vaccine challenge. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 12:431-434.
- Ma J, Kennedy-Stoskopf S, Jaynes JM, et al. 2002. Inhibitory activity of synthetic peptides on feline immunodeficiency virus infectivity in vitro. J Virol 76:9952-9961.
- Ma J, Kennedy-Stoskopf S, Sellon R, et al. 1995. Tumor necrosis factor-α responses are depressed and interleukin-6 responses unaltered in feline immunodeficiency virus infected cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 46:35-50.
- Macchi S, Maggi F, Di Iorio C, et al. 1998. Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus proviral sequences in lymphoid tissues and the central nervous system by in situ gene amplification. J Virol Methods 73:109-119.
- MacDonald K, Levy J, Tucker SJ, et al. 2004. Effects of passive transfer of immunity on results of diagnostic tests for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus in kittens born to vaccinated queens. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1554-1557.
- Macieira DB, de Menezes Rde C, Damico CB, et al. 2008. Prevalence and risk factors for hemoplasmas in domestic cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus and/or feline leukemia virus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Feline Med Surg 10:120-129.
- Magnani M, Rossi L, Fraternale A, et al. 1997. Targeting antiviral nucleotide analogues to macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 62:133-137.
- 638a. Maher IE, Tasker S, Polizopoulou Z, et al. 2010. Polymerase chain reaction survey of feline haemoplasma infections in Greece. J Feline Med Surg 12:601-605.
- Maingat F, Viappiani S, Zhu Y, et al. 2010. Regulation of lentivirus neurovirulence by lipopolysaccharide conditioning: suppression of CXCL10 in the brain by IL-10. J Immunol 184:1566-1574.
- Maingat F, Vivithanaporn P, Zhu Y, et al. 2009. Neurobehavioral performance in feline immunodeficiency virus infection: integrated analysis of viral burden, neuroinflammation, and neuronal injury in cortex. J Neurosci 29:8429-8437.
- Mak CC, Brik A, Lerner DL, et al. 2003. Design and synthesis of broad-based mono- and bi-cyclic inhibitors of FIV and HIV proteases. Bioorg Med Chem 11:2025-2040.
- Mak CC, Le VD, Lin YC, et al. 2001. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of HIV/FIV protease inhibitors incorporating a conformationally constrained macrocycle with a small P3′ residue. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 11:219-222.
- Maki N, Miyazawa T, Fukasawa M, et al. 1992. Molecular characterization and heterogeneity of feline immunodeficiency virus isolates. Arch Virol 123:29-45.
- Maksaereekul S, Dubie RA, Shen X, et al. 2009. Vaccination with vif-deleted feline immunodeficiency virus provirus, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha plasmids preserves global CD4 T lymphocyte function after challenge with FIV. Vaccine 27:3754-3765.
- Malik R, Kendall K, Cridland J, et al. 1997. Prevalences of feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in cats in Sydney. Aust Vet J 75:323-327.
- Mamo JC, Naissides M. 2005. Could iodine be effective in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS-associated opportunistic infections? Int J Infect Dis 9:292-293.
- Mancianti F, Giannelli C, Bendinelli M, et al. 1992. Mycological findings in feline immunodeficiency virus–infected cats. J Med Vet Mycol 30:257-259.
- Mandell CP, Sparger EE, Pedersen NC, et al. 1992. Long-term hematological changes in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Comp Hematol Int 2:8-17.
- Manrique JM, Affranchino JL, Gonzalez SA. 2008. In vitro binding of simian immunodeficiency virus matrix protein to the cytoplasmic domain of the envelope glycoprotein. Virology 374:273-279.
- Manrique ML, Celma CC, Gonzalez SA, et al. 2001. Mutational analysis of the feline immunodeficiency virus matrix protein. Virus Res 76:103-113.
- Manrique ML, Gonzalez SA, Affranchino JL. 2004. Functional relationship between the matrix proteins of feline and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Virology 329:157-167.
- Manrique ML, Rauddi ML, Gonzalez SA, et al. 2004. Functional domains in the feline immunodeficiency virus nucleocapsid protein. Virology 327:83-92.
- Martin JP, Bingen A, Braunwald J, et al. 1995. Evidence of feline immunodeficiency virus replication in cultured Kupffer cells. AIDS 9:447-453.
- Martins AN, Medeiros SO, Simonetti JP, et al. 2008. Phylogenetic and genetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus gag, pol, and env genes from domestic cats undergoing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor treatment or treatment-naïve cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Virol 82:7863-7874.
- Maruyama S, Hiraga S, Yokoyama E, et al. 1998. Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii infections among pet cats in Kanagawa and Saitama Prefectures. J Vet Med Sci 60:997-1000.
- Maruyama S, Kabeya H, Nakao R, et al. 2003. Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae, Toxoplasma gondii, FIV and FeLV infections in domestic cats in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 47:147-153.
- Massi C, Indino E, Lami C, et al. 1998. The antiviral activity of a synthetic peptide derived from the envelope SU glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus maps in correspondence of an amphipathic helical segment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 246:160-165.
- Massi C, Lombardi S, Indino E, et al. 1997. Most potential linear B cell epitopes of Env glycoproteins of feline immunodeficiency virus are immunogenetically silent in infected cats. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses 13:1121-1129.
- Matsuda M, Arai A, Nakamura Y, et al. 2009. Host cell-specific effects of lentiviral accessory proteins on the eukaryotic cell cycle progression. Microbes Infect 11:646-653.
- Matsumoto H, Takemura N, Toshimori S, et al. 1997. Serum concentration of circulating immune complexes in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus detected by immune adherence hemagglutination method. J Vet Med Sci 59:395-396.
- Matsumura S, Ishida T, Washizu I, et al. 1993. Pathologic features of acquired immunodeficiency-like syndrome in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Vet Med Sci 55:387-394.
- Matteuci D, Baldinotti F, Mazzetti P, et al. 1993. Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus in saliva and plasma by cultivation and polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 31:494-501.
- Matteuci D, Pistello M, Mazzetti P, et al. 1996. Vaccination protects against in vivo–grown feline immunodeficiency virus even in the absence of detectable neutralizing antibodies. J Virol 70:617-622.
- Matteucci D, Pistello M, Mazzetti P, et al. 1997. Studies of AIDS vaccination using an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: protection conferred by a fixed-cell vaccine against cell-free and cell-associated challenge differs in duration and is not easily boosted. J Virol 71:8368-8376.
- Matteucci D, Pistello M, Mazzetti P, et al. 1999. AIDS vaccination studies using feline immunodeficiency virus as a model: immunisation with inactivated whole virus suppresses viraemia levels following intravaginal challenge with infected cells but not following intravenous challenge with cell-free virus. Vaccine 18:119-130.
- Matteucci D, Poli A, Mazzetti P, et al. 2000. Immunogenicity of an anti-clade B feline immunodeficiency fixed-cell virus vaccine in field cats. J Virol 74:10911-10919.
- Mazzetti P, Giannecchini S, Del Mauro D, et al. 1999. AIDS vaccination studies using an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: detailed analysis of the humoral immune response to a protective vaccine. J Virol 73:1-10.
- McCrackin Stevenson MA, McBroom DG. 2001. In vitro characterization of FIV-pPPR, a pathogenic molecular clone of feline immunodeficiency virus, and two drug-resistant pol gene mutants. Am J Vet Res 62:588-594.
- McEwan WA, McMonagle EL, Logan N, et al. 2008. Genetically divergent strains of feline immunodeficiency virus from the domestic cat (Felis catus) and the African lion (Panthera leo) share usage of CD134 and CXCR4 as entry receptors. J Virol 82:10953-10958.
- Medinas RJ, Lambert DM, Tompkins WA. 2002. C-terminal gp40 peptide analogs inhibit feline immunodeficiency virus: cell fusion and virus spread. J Virol 76:9079-9086.
- Meeker RB. 2007. Feline immunodeficiency virus neuropathogenesis: from cats to calcium. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2:154-170.
- Meeker RB, Azuma Y, Bragg DC, et al. 1999. Microglial proliferation in cortical neural cultures exposed to feline immunodeficiency virus. J Neuroimmunol 101:15-26.
- Meeker RB, Boles JC, Bragg DC, et al. 2004. Development of neuronal sensitivity to toxins in cerebrospinal fluid from HIV-type 1-infected individuals. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 20:1072-1086.
- Meeker RB, Thiede BA, Hall C, et al. 1997. Cortical cell loss in asymptomatic cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses 13:1131-1140.
- Meers J, del Fiero GM, Cope RB, et al. 1993. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection: plasma, but not peripheral blood mononuclear cell virus titer, is influenced by zidovudine and cyclosporine. Arch Virol 132:67-81.
- Meers JM, Robinson WF, del Fierro GM, et al. 1992. Feline immunodeficiency virus: quantification in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and isolation from plasma of infected cats. Arch Virol 127:233-243.
- Mendes-de-Almeida F, Faria MC, Branco AS, et al. 2004. Sanitary conditions of a colony of urban feral cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) in a zoological garden of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 46:269-274.
- Mendes-de-Almeida F, Labarthe N, Guerrero J, et al. 2007. Follow-up of the health conditions of an urban colony of free-roaming cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 147:9-15.
- Mergia A, Blackwell J, Chari S. 1997. Inhibition of FIV replication by a ribozyme that targets the Rev response element. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 13:1333-1339.
- Mexas AM, Fogle JE, Tompkins WA, et al. 2008. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are infected and activated during acute FIV infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 126:263-272.
- 680a. Mikkelsen SR, Reckling SK, Egan EA, et al. 2010. In vivo depletion of CD4(+)CD25(hi) regulatory T cells is associated with improved antiviral responses in cats chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Virology 403(2):163-172.
- Miller DL, Taylor SK, Rotstein DS, et al. 2006. Feline immunodeficiency virus and puma lentivirus in Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi): epidemiology and diagnostic issues. Vet Res Commun 30:307-317.
- Mills JS. 2007. Differential activation of polymorphisms of the formyl peptide receptor by formyl peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta 1772:1085-1092.
- Miller JT, Ehresman B, Hubscher U, et al. 2001. A novel interaction of tRNA (Lys, 3) with the feline immunodeficiency virus RNA genome governs initiation of minus strand DNA synthesis. J Biol Chem 276:27721-27730.
- Miro G, Domenech A, Escolar E, et al. 2007. Plasma electrophoretogram in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and/or feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infections. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 54:203-209.
- Mitchell TW, Buckmaster PS, Hoover EA, et al. 1998. Axonal sprouting in hippocampus of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 17:1-8.
- Mitchell TW, Buckmaster PS, Hoover EA, et al. 1999. Neuron loss and axon reorganization in the dentate gyrus of cats infected with the feline immunodeficiency virus. J Comp Neurol 411:563-577.
- Miyazawa T. 2002. Infections of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. Front Biosci 7:504-518.
- Miyazawa T. 2005. Evolution of lentiviruses and receptor specificity. Uirusu 55:27-34.
- Miyazawa T, Fukasawa M, Hasegawa A, et al. 1991. Molecular cloning of a novel isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus biologically and genetically different from the original US isolate. J Virol 65:1572-1577.
- Miyazawa T, Ikeda Y, Maeda K, et al. 1998. Seroepidemiological survey of feline retrovirus infections in domestic and leopard cats in northern Vietnam in 1997. J Vet Med Sci 60:1273-1275.
- Mizukoshi F, Baba K, Goto Y, et al. 2009. Antiviral activity of membrane fusion inhibitors that target gp40 of the feline immunodeficiency virus envelope protein. Vet Microbiol 136:155-159.
- Mizukoshi F, Baba K, Goto-Koshino Y, et al. 2009. Inhibitory effect of newly developed CXC-chemokine receptor 4 antagonists on the infection with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Vet Med Sci 71:121-124.
- Mizukoshi F, Baba K, Horiuchi H, et al. 2009. Characterization of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Vet Med Sci 71:865-871.
- Mizuno T, Goto Y, Baba K, et al. 2001. TNF-alpha-induced cell death in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cells is mediated by the caspase cascade. Virology 287:446-455.
- Mizuno T, Goto Y, Baba K, et al. 2003. Molecular cloning of feline tumour necrosis factor receptor type I (TNFR I) and expression of TNFR I and TNFR II in lymphoid cells in cats. Eur J Immunogenet 30:107-113.
- Mizuno T, Goto Y, Baba K, et al. 2003. Quantitative analysis of Fas and Fas ligand mRNAs in a feline T-lymphoid cell line after infection with feline immunodeficiency virus and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from cats infected with the virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 93:117-123.
- Mizuno T, Momoi Y, Endo Y, et al. 1997. Apoptosis enhanced by soluble factor produced in feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Vet Med Sci 59:1049-1051.
- Moench TR, Whaley KJ, Mandrell TD, et al. 1993. The cat/feline immunodeficiency virus model for transmucosal transmission of AIDS: nonoxynol-9 contraceptive jelly blocks transmission by an infected cell inoculum. AIDS 7:797-802.
- Moon D. 2003. Another solution to identify FIV-vaccinated cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:1207.
- Momoi Y, Mizuno T, Nishimura Y, et al. 1996. Detection of apoptosis induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Arch Virol 141:1651-1659.
- Moraillon A, Barre-Sinoussi F, Parodi A, et al. 1992. In vitro properties and experimental pathogenic effect of three strains of feline immunodeficiency virus isolated from cats with terminal disease. Vet Microbiol 31:41-54.
- Morre DJ, Zeichardt H, Maxeiner HG, et al. 1998. Effect of the quassinoids glaucarubolone and simalikalactone D on growth of cells permanently infected with feline and human immunodeficiency viruses and on viral infections. Life Sci 62:213-219.
- Morris KV, Chan SW, Jacobsen SE, et al. 2004. Small interfering RNA-induced transcriptional gene silencing in human cells. Science 305:1289-1292.
- Morris KV, Gilbert J, Wong-Staal F, et al. 2004. Transduction of cell lines and primary cells by FIV-packaged HIV vectors. Mol Ther 10:181-190.
- Morris KV, Rossi JJ. 2004. Anti-HIV-1 gene expressing lentiviral vectors as an adjunctive therapy for HIV-1 infection. Curr HIV Res 2:185-191.
- Mortola E, Endo Y, Mizuno T, et al. 1998. Effect of interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 on the virus replication and apoptosis in T-cells infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Vet Med Sci 60:1181-1185
- Mortola E, Endo Y, Ohno K, et al. 1998. The use of two immunosuppressive drugs, cyclosporin A and tacrolimus, to inhibit virus replication and apoptosis in cells infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Res Commun 22:553-563.
- Mortola E, Okuda M, Ohno K, et al. 1998. Inhibition of apoptosis and virus replication in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cells by N-acetylcysteine and ascorbic acid. J Vet Med Sci 60:1187-1193.
- Moscardini M, Pistello M, Bendinelli M, et al. 2002. Functional characterizations of nucleocapsid protein of feline immunodeficiency virus and cellular prion protein with the viral RNA. J Mol Biol 318:149-159.
- Motokawa K, Hohdatsu T, Imori A, et al. 2005. Mutations in feline immunodeficiency (FIV) virus envelope gene V3-V5 regions in FIV-infected cats. Vet Microbiol 106:33-40.
- Mtambo MMA, Nash AS, Blewett DA, et al. 1991. Cryptosporidium infection in cats: prevalence of infection in domestic and feral cats in the Glasgow area. Vet Rec 129:502-504.
- Muirden A. 2002. Prevalence of feline leukaemia virus and antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus and feline coronavirus in stray cats sent to an RSPCA hospital. Vet Rec 150:621-625.
- Munday JS, Willis KA, Kiupel M, et al. 2008. Amplification of three different papillomaviral DNA sequences from a cat with viral plaques. Vet Dermatol 19:400-404.
- Munk C, Beck T, Zielonka J, et al. 2008. Functions, structure, and read-through alternative splicing of feline APOBEC3 genes. Genome Biol 9:R48.
- Murray DM. 2003. Identifying FIV vaccinates. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:710.
- Murray JK, Roberts MA, Skillings E, et al. 2009. Risk factors for feline immunodeficiency virus antibody test status in cats protection adoption centres (2004). J Feline Med Surg 11:467-473.
- Mustafa F, Ghazawi A, Jayanth P, et al. 2005. Sequences intervening between the core packaging determinants are dispensable for maintaining the packaging potential and propagation of feline immunodeficiency virus transfer vector RNAs. J Virol 79:13817-13821.
- Mustafa F, Jayanth P, Phillip PS, et al. 2005. Relative activity of the feline immunodeficiency virus promoter in feline and primate cell lines. Microbes Infect 7:233-239.
- 718a. Na H, Huisman W, Ellestad KK, et al. 2010. Domain- and nucleotide-specific Rev response element regulation of feline immunodeficiency virus production. Virology 404:246-260.
- Nakagaki K, Nakakagi K, Takahashi K, et al. 2001. CXCR4 is the primary receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus in astrocytes. J Neurovirol 7:487-492.
- Nakamura K, Miyazawa T, Ikeda Y, et al. 2000. Contrastive prevalence of feline retrovirus infections between northern and southern Vietnam. J Vet Med Sci 62:921-923.
- Nakamura Y, Nakamura Y, Ura A, et al. 2010. An updated nation-wide epidemiological survey of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 72:1051-1056.
- Nakamura K, Suzuki Y, Ikeo K, et al. 2003. Phylogenetic analysis of Vietnamese isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus: genetic diversity of subtype C. Arch Virol 148:783-791.
- Naldini L. 1998. Lentiviruses as gene transfer agents for delivery to non-dividing cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 9:457-463.
- Nath MD, Peterson DL. 2001. In vitro assembly of feline immunodeficiency virus capsid protein: biological role of conserved cysteines. Arch Biochem Biophys 392:287-294.
- Natoli E, Say L, Cafazzo S, et al. 2005. Bold attitude makes male urban feral domestic cats more vulnerable to feline immunodeficiency virus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:151-157.
- Neel JA, Tarigo J, Tater KC, et al. 2007. Deep and superficial skin scrapings from a feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cat. Vet Clin Pathol 36:101-104.
- Nicoletti E, Della Pieta F, Calderone V, et al. 1999. Antiviral properties of a crude extract from a green alga Caulerpa taxifola (Vahl) C. Agardh. Phytother Res 13:245-247.
- Nishimura Y, Goto Y, Pang H, et al. 1998. Genetic heterogeneity of env gene of feline immunodeficiency virus obtained from multiple districts in Japan. Virus Res 57:101-112.
- Nishimura Y, Goto Y, Yoneda K, et al. 1999. Interspecies transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus from the domestic cat to the Tsushima cat (Felis bengalensis euptilura) in the wild. J Virol 73:7916-7921.
- Nishimura Y, Shimojima M, Sato E, et al. 2004. Downmodulation of CD3ε expression in CD8α+β− T cells of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. J Gen Virol 85:2585-2589.
- Noorbakhsh F, Tang Q, Liu S, et al. 2006. Lentivirus envelope protein exerts differential neuropathogenic effects depending on the site of expression and target cell. Virology 348:260-276.
- Norelli S, El Daker S, D’Ostilio D, et al. 2008. Response of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) to tipranavir may provide new clues for development of broad-based inhibitors of retroviral proteases acting on drug-resistant HIV-1. Curr HIV Res 6:306-317.
- Norimine J, Miyazawa T, Kawaguchi Y, et al. 1993. Feline CD4 molecules expressed on feline non-lymphoid cell lines are not enough for productive infection of highly lymphotropic feline immunodeficiency virus isolates. Arch Virol 130:171-178.
- Norris JM, Bell ET, Hales L, et al. 2007. Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in domesticated and feral cats in eastern Australia. J Feline Med Surg 9:300-308.
- Norway RM, Crawford PC, Johnson CM, et al. 2001. Thymic lesions in cats infected with a pathogenic molecular clone or an ORF-A/2-deficient molecular clone of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 75:5833-5841.
- Novak JM, Crawford PC, Kolenda-Roberts HM, et al. 2007. Viral gene expression and provirus load of Orf-A defective FIV in lymphoid tissues and lymphocyte subpopulations of neonatal cats during acute and chronic infections. Virus Res 130:110-120.
- Novotney C, English RV, Housman J, et al. 1990. Lymphocyte population changes in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS 4:1213-1218.
- Obert LA, Hoover EA. 2000. Feline immunodeficiency virus clade C mucosal transmission and disease courses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 16:677-688.
- Obert LA, Hoover EA. 2000. Relationship of lymphoid lesions to disease course in mucosal feline immunodeficiency virus type C infection. Vet Pathol 37:386-401.
- Obert LA, Hoover EA. 2002. Early pathogenesis of transmucosal feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 76:6311-6322.
- O’Brien CR, Krockenberger MB, Wigney DI, et al. 2004. Retrospective study of feline and canine cryptococcosis in Australia from 1981 to 2001: 195 cases. Med Mycol 42:449-460.
- O’Connor TP, Tonelli QJ, Scarlett JM. 1991. Report of the national FeLV/FIV awareness project. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1348-1353.
- 742a. Oguzoglu TC, Timurkan MO, Muz D, et al. 2010. First molecular characterization of feline immunodeficiency virus in Turkey. Arch Virol 155:1877-1881.
- Ohashi T, Goitsuka R, Watari T, et al. 1992. Elevation of feline interleukin 6-like activity in feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 65:207-211.
- Ohno K, Nakano T, Matsumoto Y, et al. 1993. Apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor in cells chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 67:2429-2433.
- Ohno K, Okamoto Y, Miyazawa T, et al. 1994. Induction of apoptosis in a T lymphoblastoid cell line infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Arch Virol 135:153-158.
- Ohno K, Watari T, Goitsuka R, et al. 1992. Altered surface antigen expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Vet Med Sci 54:517-522.
- Oishi S, Kodera Y, Nishikawa H, et al. 2009. Design and synthesis of membrane fusion inhibitors against the feline immunodeficiency virus. Bioorg Med Chem 17:4916-4920
- Okada S, Pu R, Young E, et al. 1994. Superinfection of cats with feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes A and B. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10:1739-1746.
- Oliveira NM, Hilker FM. 2010. Modelling disease introduction as biological control of invasive predators to preserve endangered prey. Bull Math Biol 72:444-468.
- Olmsted RA, Langley R, Roelke ME, et al. 1992. Worldwide prevalence of lentivirus infection in wild feline species: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects. J Virol 66:6008-6018.
- Omori M, Pu R, Tanabe T, et al. 2004. Cellular immune responses to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induced by dual-subtype FIV vaccine. Vaccine 23:386-398.
- O’Neil LL, Burkhard MJ, Diehl LJ, et al. 1995. Vertical transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1:171-182.
- O’Neil LL, Burkhard MJ, Hoover EA. 1996. Frequent perinatal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus by chronically infected cats. J Virol 70:2894-2901.
- O’Neil LL, Burkhard MJ, Obert LA, et al. 1997. Regression of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 13:713-718.
- O’Neil SA, Lappin MR, Reif JS, et al. 1991. Clinical and epidemiologic aspects of feline immunodeficiency virus and Toxoplasma gondii coinfections in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:211-220.
- Oohashi E, Yamada K, Oohashi M, et al. 2010. Chronic progressive polyarthritis in a female cat. J Vet Med Sci, 72:511-514.
- Operario DJ, Reynolds HM, Kim B. 2005. Comparison of DNA polymerase activities between recombinant feline immunodeficiency and leukemia virus reverse transcriptases. Virology 335:106-121.
- Orandle MS, Crawford PC, Levy JK, et al. 2000. CD8+ thymic lymphocytes express reduced levels of CD8 β and increased interferon gamma in cats perinatally infected with the JSY3 molecular clone of feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retrovirus 16:1559-1571.
- Orandle MS, Papadi GP, Bubenik LJ, et al. 1997. Selective thymocyte depletion and immunoglobulin coating in the thymus of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 13:611-620.
- Osborne R, Rigby M, Siebelink K, et al. 1994. Virus neutralization reveals antigenic variation among feline immunodeficiency virus isolates. J Gen Virol 75:3641-3645.
- Osterhaus ADME, Tijhaar E, Huisman RC, et al. 1996. Accelerated viremia in cats vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing envelope glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 12:437-442.
- Ostrowski S, Van Vuuren M, Lenain DM, et al. 2003. A serologic survey of wild felids from central west Saudi Arabia. J Wildl Dis 39:696-701.
- Otero GC, Garris ME, Donello JE, et al. 1998. Leptomycin B inhibits equine infectious anemia virus Rev and feline immunodeficiency virus Rev function but not the function of hepatitis B virus posttranscriptional regulatory element. J Virol 72:7593-7597.
- Overbaugh J, Luciw PA, Hoover EA. 1997. Models for AIDS pathogenesis: simian immunodeficiency virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections. AIDS 11(Suppl A):S47-S54.
- Paillot R, Richard S, Bloas F, et al. 2005. Toward a detailed characterization of feline immunodeficiency virus-specific T cell immune responses and mediated immune disorders. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 106:1-14.
- Pancino G, Castelot S, Sonigo P. 1995. Differences in feline immunodeficiency virus host cell range correlate with envelope fusogenic properties. Virology 206:796-806.
- Pancino G, Chappey C, Saurin W, et al. 1993. B epitopes and selection pressures in feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins. J Virol 67:664-672.
- Pancino G, Fossati I, Chappey C, et al. 1993. Structure and variations of feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins. Virology 192:659-662.
- Pancino G, Sonigo P. 1997. Retention of viral infectivity after extensive mutation of the highly conserved immunodominant domain of the feline immunodeficiency virus envelope. J Virol 71:4339-4346.
- Papasouliotis K, Gruffyd-Jones TJ, Werrett G, et al. 1998. Assessment of intestinal function in cats with chronic diarrhea after infection with feline immunodeficiency virus. Am J Vet Res 59:569-574.
- Park BC, Shen X, Fautsch MP, et al. 2006. Optimized bacterial expression of myocilin proteins and functional comparison of bacterial and eukaryotic myocilins. Mol Vis 12:832-840.
- Park HS, Kyaw-Tanner M, Thomas J, et al. 1995. Feline immunodeficiency virus replicates in salivary gland ductular epithelium during the initial phase of infection. Vet Microbiol 46:257-267.
- Patel JR, Heldens JG. 2009. Review of companion animal viral diseases and immunoprophylaxis. Vaccine 27:491-504.
- Patrick MK, Johnston JB, Power C. 2002. Lentiviral neuropathogenesis: comparative neuroinvasion, neurotropism, neurovirulence, and host neurosusceptibility. J Virol 76:7923-7931.
- Paul TA, Casey JW, Avery RJ, et al. 2007. Expression of feline immunodeficiency virus Vif is associated with reduced viral mutation rates without restoration of replication of vif mutant viruses. Virology 361:112-122.
- Payne SL, Elder JH. 2001. The role of retroviral dUTPases in replication and virulence. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2:381-388.
- Pecon-Slattery J, McCracken CL, Troyer JL, et al. 2008. Genomic organization, sequence divergence, and recombination of feline immunodeficiency virus from lions in the wild. BMC Genomics 9:66.
- Pecon-Slattery J, Troyer JL, Johnson WE, et al. 2008. Evolution of feline immunodeficiency virus in Felidae: implications for human health and wildlife ecology. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:32-44.
- Pecoraro MR, Tomonaga K, Miyazawa T, et al. 1996. Genetic diversity of Argentine isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Gen Virol 77:2031-2035.
- Pedersen NC, Barlough JE. 1991. Clinical overview of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1298-1305.
- Pedersen NC, Leutenegger CM, Woo J, et al. 2001. Virulence differences between two field isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV-A Petaluma and FIV-CP Gammar) in young adult specific pathogen free cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 79:53-67.
- Pedersen NC, North TW, Rigg R, et al. 2003. 16α-Bromo-epiandrosterone therapy modulates experimental feline immunodeficiency virus viremia: initial enhancement leading to long-term suppression. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 94:133-148.
- Pedersen NC, Torten M, Rideout B, et al. 1990. Feline leukemia virus infection as a potentiating cofactor for the primary and secondary stages of experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 64:598-606.
- Pedretti E, Passeri B, Amadori M, et al. 2006. Low-dose interferon-alpha treatment for feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 109:245-254.
- Pereira CF, Rutten K, Stranska R, et al. 2005. Spectrum of antiviral activity of o-(acetoxyphenyl)hept-2-ynyl sulphide (APHS). Int J Antimicrob Agents 25:419-426.
- Peri EV, Ponti W, Dall’ara P, et al. 1994. Seroepidemiologic and clinical survey of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in northern Italy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 40:285-297.
- Peterson KE, Chesebro B. 2006. Influence of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines on the neuropathogenesis of oncornavirus and immunosuppressive lentivirus infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 303:67-95.
- Pettersson A, Mannerfelt T. 2003. Prevalence of dental resorptive lesions in Swedish cats. J Vet Dent 20:140-142.
- Petty CS, Tompkins MB, Tompkins WA. 2008. Transforming growth factor-beta/transforming growth factor-betaRII signaling may regulate CD4+CD25+ T-regulatory cell homeostasis and suppressor function in feline AIDS lentivirus infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47:148-160.
- Phadke AP, Choi IS, Li Z, et al. 2004. The role of inducer cells in mediating in vitro suppression of feline immunodeficiency virus replication. Virology 320:63-74.
- Phadke AP, de la Concha-Bermejillo A, Wolf AM, et al. 2006. Pathogenesis of a Texas feline immunodeficiency virus isolate: an emerging subtype of clade B. Vet Microbiol 115:64-76.
- Phillips K, Arai M, Tanabe T, et al. 2005. FIV-infected cats respond to short-term rHug-CSF treatment which results in anti-G-CSF neutralizing antibody production that inactivates drug activity. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 108:357-371.
- Phillips TR, Billaud JN, Henriksen SJ. 2000. Methamphetamine and HIV-1: potential interactions and the use of the FIV/cat model. J Psychopharmacol 14:244-250.
- Phillips TR, Prospero-Garcia O, Puaoi DL, et al. 1994. Neurological abnormalities associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Gen Virol 75:979-987.
- Philpott MS, Ebner JP, Hoover EA. 1992. Evaluation of 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine therapy for feline immunodeficiency virus using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:155-166.
- Phipps AJ, Hayes KA, Buck WR, et al. 2000. Neurophysiologic and immunologic abnormalities associated with feline immunodeficiency virus molecular clone FIV-PPR DNA inoculation. J Acquir Immune Def Syndr 23:8-16.
- Piedimonte G, Crinelli R, Salda LD, et al. 1999. Protein degradation and apoptotic death in lymphocytes during FIV infection: activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic system. Exp Cell Res 248:381-390.
- Pinches MD, Diesel G, Helps CR, et al. 2007. An update on FIV and FeLV test performance using a Bayesian statistical approach. Vet Clin Pathol 36:141-147.
- Pistello M. 2008. Should accessory proteins be structural components of lentiviral vaccines? Lessons learned from the accessory Orf-A protein of FIV. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:144-149.
- Pistello M, Bonci F, Flynn JN, et al. 2006. AIDS vaccination studies with an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: Analysis of the accessory Orf-A protein and DNA as protective immunogens. J Virol 80:8856-8868.
- Pistello M, Bonci F, Isola P, et al. 2005. Evaluation of feline immunodeficiency virus Orf-A mutants as candidate attenuated vaccine. Virology 332:676-690.
- Pistello M, Bonci F, Zabogli E, et al. 2010. Env-expressing autologous T-lymphocytes induce neutralizing antibody and afford marked protection against feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 84:3845-3856.
- Pistello M, Cammarota G, Nicoletti E, et al. 1997. Analysis of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Italian isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus indicates a high prevalence and heterogeneity of subtype B. J Gen Virol 78:2247-2257.
- Pistello M, Conti F, Vannucci L, et al. 2010. Novel approaches to vaccination against the feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:48-53.
- Pistello M, Matteucci D, Bonci F, et al. 2003. AIDS vaccination studies using an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: protection from an intraclade challenge administered systemically or mucosally by an attenuated vaccine. J Virol 77:10740-10750.
- Pistello M, Matteucci D, Cammarota G, et al. 1999. Kinetics of replication of a partially attenuated virus and of the challenge virus during a three-year intersubtype feline immunodeficiency virus superinfection experiment in cats. J Virol 73:1518-1527.
- Pistello M, Moscardini M, Mazetti P, et al. 2002. Development of feline immunodeficiency virus ORF-A (tat) mutants: in vitro and in vivo characterization. Virology 298:84-95.
- Pistello M, Vannucci L, Ravani A, et al. 2007. Streamlined design of a self-inactivating feline immunodeficiency virus vector for transducing ex vivo dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. Genet Vaccines Ther 5:8.
- Pocacqua V, Provasi E, Paltrinieri S, et al. 2005. Glycan moiety modifications of feline alpha1-acid glycoprotein in retrovirus (FIV, FeLV) affected cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 107:17-26.
- Podell M, Buck WR, Hayes KA, et al. 2002. Animal models of retroviral encephalopathies: Feline model. Curr Protoc Neurosci Chapter 9, Unit 9.9.
- Podell M, Chen E, Shelton GD. 1998. Feline immunodeficiency virus associated myopathy in the adult cat. Muscle Nerve 21:1680-1685.
- Podell M, Hayes K, Oglesbee M, et al. 1997. Progressive encephalopathy associated with CD4/CD8 ratio inversion in adult FIV-infected cats. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 15:332-340.
- Podell M, March PA, Buck WR, et al. 2000. The feline model of neuroAIDS: understanding the progression toward AIDS dementia. J Psychopharmacol 14:205-213.
- Podell M, Maruyama K, Smith M, et al. 1999. Frontal lobe neuronal injury correlates to altered function in FIV-infected cats. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 22:10-18.
- Podell M, Oglesbee M, Mathes L, et al. 1993. AIDS-associated encephalopathy with experimental feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 6:678-771.
- Poeschla EM, Looney DJ. 1998. CXCR4 is required by a nonprimate lentivirus: heterologous expression of feline immunodeficiency virus in human, rodent, and feline cells. J Virol 72:6858-6866.
- Poeschla EM, Wong-Staal F, Looney DJ. 1998. Efficient transduction of nondividing human cells by feline immunodeficiency virus lentiviral vectors. Nat Med 4:354-357.
- Poli A, Abramo F, Baldinotti F, et al. 1994. Malignant lymphoma associated with experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Comp Pathol 110:319-328.
- Poli A, Abramo F, Caricchio P, et al. 1995. Lentivirus infection in an African lion: a clinical, pathologic and virologic study. J Wildl Dis 31:70-74.
- Poli A, Abramo F, Di Iorio C, et al. 1997. Neuropathology in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: a morphological, immunocytochemical and morphometric study. J Neurovirol 3:361-368.
- Poli A, Abramo F, Matteucci D, et al. 1995. Renal involvement in feline immunodeficiency virus: p24 antigen detection, virus isolation and PCR analysis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 46:13-20.
- Poli A, Abramo F, Taccini E, et al. 1993. Renal involvement in feline immunodeficiency virus infection: a clinicopathologic study. Nephron 64:282-288.
- Poli A, Falcone ML, Bigalli L, et al. 1995. Circulating immune complexes and analysis of renal immune deposits in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. Clin Exp Immunol 101:254-258.
- Poli A, Gianelli C, Pistello M, et al. 1992. Detection of salivary antibodies in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Microbiol 30:2038-2041.
- Poli A, Pistello M, Carli MA, et al. 1999. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and virus expression in the central nervous system of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Neurovirol 5:465-473.
- Pontier D, Fouchet D, Bahi-Jaber N, et al. 2009. When domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) population structures interact with their viruses. C R Biol 332:321-328.
- Pontier D, Fromont E, Courchamp F, et al. 1998. Retroviruses and sexual size dimorphism in domestic cats (Felis catus L.). Proc R Soc Lond B [Biol] 265:167-173.
- Pontzer CH, Yamamoto JK, Bazer FW, et al. 1997. Potent anti-feline immunodeficiency virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus effect of IFN-τ. J Immunol 158:4351-4357.
- Poss M, Idoine A, Ross HA, et al. 2007. Recombination in feline lentiviral genomes during experimental cross-species infection. Virology 359:146-151.
- Poss M, Ross H. 2008. Evolution of the long terminal repeat and accessory genes of feline immunodeficiency virus genomes from naturally infected cougars. Virology 370:55-62.
- Poss M, Ross H, Rodrigo A, et al. 2008. The molecular biology and evolution of feline immunodeficiency viruses of cougars. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:154-158.
- Poss M, Ross HA, Painter SL, et al. 2006. Feline lentivirus evolution in cross-species infection reveals extensive G-to-A mutation and selection on key residues in the viral polymerase. J Virol 80:2728-2737.
- Poss ML, Dow SW, Hoover EA. 1992. Cell-specific envelope glycosylation distinguishes FIV glycoproteins produced in cytopathically and noncytopathically infected cells. Virology 188:25-32.
- 833a. Powell CC, McInnis CL, Fontenelle JP, et al. 2010. Bartonella species, feline herpesvirus-1, and Toxoplasma gondii PCR assay results from blood and aqueous humor samples from 104 cats with naturally occurring endogenous uveitis. J Feline Med Surg 12:923-928.
- Power C, Buist R, Johnston JB, et al. 1998. Neurovirulence in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected neonatal casts is viral strain specific and dependent on systemic immune suppression. J Virol 72:9109-9115.
- Power C, Moench T, Peeling J, et al. 1997. Feline immunodeficiency virus causes increased glutamate levels and neuronal loss in brain. Neuroscience 77:1175-1185.
- Power C, Zhang K, van Marle G. 2004. Comparative neurovirulence in lentiviral infections: the roles of viral molecular diversity and select proteases. J Neurovirol 10(Suppl 1):113-117.
- Prasad GS, Stura EA, Elder JH, et al. 2000. Structures of feline immunodeficiency virus dUTP pyrophosphatase and its nucleotide complexes in three crystal forms. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 56:1100-1109.
- Price MA, Case SS, Carbonaro DA, et al. 2002. Expression from second-generation feline immunodeficiency virus vectors is impaired in human hematopoietic cells. Mol Ther 6:645-652.
- Prospero-Garcia O, Herold N, Phillips TR, et al. 1994. Sleep patterns are disturbed in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:12947-12951.
- Prospero-Garcia O, Huitron-Resendiz S, Casalman SC, et al. 1999. Feline immunodeficiency virus envelope protein (FIV gp120) causes electrophysiologic alterations in rats. Brain Res 836:203-209.
- Pu R, Coleman J, Coisman J, et al. 2005. Dual-subtype FIV vaccine (Fel-O-Vax FIV) protection against a heterologous subtype B FIV isolate. J Feline Med Surg 7:65-70.
- Pu R, Coleman J, Omori M, et al. 2001. Dual-subtype FIV vaccine protects cats against in vivo swarms of both homologous and heterologous subtype FIV isolates. AIDS 15:1225-1237.
- Pu R, Okada S, Little ER, et al. 1995. Protection of neonatal kittens against feline immunodeficiency virus infection with passive maternal antiviral antibodies. AIDS 9:235-242.
- Pu R, Omori M, Okada S, et al. 1999. MHC-restricted protection of cats against FIV infection by adoptive transfer of immune cells from FIV-vaccinated donors. Cell Immunol 198:30-43.
- Pu R, Tellier MC, Yamamoto JK. 1997. Mechanisms of FIV vaccine protection. Leukemia 11(Suppl 3):98-101.
- Quimby JM, Elston T, Hawley J, et al. 2008. Evaluation of the association of Bartonella species, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus with chronic feline gingivostomatitis. J Feline Med Surg 10:66-72.
- Ramsauer S, Bay G, Meli M, et al. 2007. Seroprevalence of selected infectious agents in a free-ranging, low-density lion population in the Central Kalahari Game Reserves in Botswana. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14:808-810.
- 847a. Ravi M, Wobeser GA, Taylor SM, et al. 2010. Naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats from western Canada: Prevalence, disease associations, and survival analysis. Can Vet J 51:271-276.
- Reche A, Jr., Daniel AG, Lazaro Strauss TC, et al. 2010. Cutaneous mycoflora and CD4:CD8 ratio of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Feline Med Surg 12:355-358.
- Reggeti F, Ackerley C, Bienzle D. 2008. CD134 and CXCR4 expression corresponds to feline immunodeficiency virus infection of lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. J Gen Virol 89:277-287.
- Reggeti F, Bienzle D. 2004. Feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes A, B and C and intersubtype recombinants in Ontario, Canada. J Gen Virol 85:1843-1852.
- Reggeti F, Bienzle D. 2008. Alloimmunity does not protect from challenge with the feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 124:152-162.
- Relander T, Johansson M, Olsson K, et al. 2005. Gene transfer to repopulating human CD34+ cells using amphotropic-, GALV-, or RD114-pseudotyped HIV-1-based vectors from stable producer cells. Mol Ther 11:452-459.
- Remington KM, Chesebro B, Wehrly K, et al. 1991. Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine. J Virol 65:308-312.
- Remington KM, Zhu Y-Q, Phillips TR, et al. 1994. Rapid phenotypic reversion of zidovudine-resistant feline immunodeficiency virus without loss of drug-resistant reverse transcriptase. J Virol 68:632-637.
- Reubel GH, Dean GA, George JW, et al. 1994. Effects of incidental infections and immune activation on disease progression in experimentally feline immunodeficiency virus–infected cats. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 7:1003-1015.
- Reubel GH, George JW, Barlough JE, et al. 1992. Interaction of acute feline herpesvirus-1 and chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infections in experimentally infected specific pathogen free cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:95-119.
- Reubel GH, George JW, Higgins J, et al. 1994. Effect of chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infection on experimental feline calicivirus-induced disease. Vet Microbiol 39:335-351.
- Richards J. 2003. 2001 Report of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel on Feline Retrovirus testing and management. J Feline Med Surg 5:3-10.
- Richards J. 2003. Retrovirus testing: the mainstay remains. J Feline Med Surg 5:1-2.
- Richards JR. 2005. Feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine: implications for diagnostic testing and disease management. Biologicals 33:215-217.
- Richards JR, Elston TH, Ford RB, et al. 2006. The 2006 American Association of Feline Practitioners Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel report. J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:1405-1441.
- Richardson J, Moraillon A, Baud S, et al. 1997. Enhancement of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection after DNA vaccination with the FIV envelope. J Virol 71:9640-9649.
- Richardson J, Moraillon A, Crespeau F, et al. 1998. Delayed infection after immunization with a peptide from the transmembrane glycoprotein of the feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 72:2406-2415.
- Richardson J, Pancino G, Merat R, et al. 1999. Shared usage of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by primary and laboratory-adapted strains of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 73:3661-3671.
- Rideout BA, Lowenstine LJ, Hutson CA, et al. 1992. Characterization of morphologic changes and lymphocyte subset distribution in lymph nodes from cats with naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Pathol 29:391-399.
- Rideout BA, Moore PF, Pedersen NC. 1992. Persistent upregulation of MHC class II antigen expression on T-lymphocytes from cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:71-81.
- Rigby MA, Holmes EC, Pistello M, et al. 1993. Evolution of structural proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus: molecular epidemiology and evidence of selection for change. J Gen Virol 74:425-436.
- Rigby MA, Hosie MJ, Willett BJ, et al. 1997. Comparative efficiency of feline immunodeficiency virus-infection by DNA inoculation. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 13:405-412.
- Riley SP, Foley J, Chomel B. 2004. Exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in California. J Wildl Dis 40:11-22.
- Rimmelzwaan GF, Siebelink KH, Broos H, et al. 1994. gag - and env-specific serum antibodies in cats after natural and experimental infection with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Microbiol 39:153-165.
- Riondato F, Gianella P, Guglielmino R, et al. 2003. Effects of interferon alpha (INF-α) therapy on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets from FIV and FeLV naturally infected cats. Vet Res Commun 27(Suppl1):429-432.
- Ritchey JW, Levy JK, Bliss SK, et al. 2001. Constitutive expression of types 1 and 2 cytokines by alveolar macrophages from feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 79:83-100.
- 872a. Rizvi TA, Kenyon JC, Ali J, et al. 2010. Optimal packaging of FIV genomic RNA depends upon a conserved long-range interaction and a palindromic sequence within gag. J Mol Biol 403:103-119.
- Rizzo F, Tappin SW, Tasker S. 2007. Thrombocytosis in cats: a retrospective study of 51 cases (2000-2005). J Feline Med Surg 9:319-325.
- Robinson A, DeCann K, Aitken E, et al. 1998. Comparison of a rapid immunomigration test and ELISA for FIV antibody and FeLV antigen testing in cats. Vet Rec 142:491-492.
- Roelke ME, Brown MA, Troyer JL, et al. 2009. Pathological manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in wild African lions. Virology 390:1-12
- Roelke ME, Pecon-Slattery J, Taylor S, et al. 2006. T-lymphocyte profiles in FIV-infected wild lions and pumas reveal CD4 depletion. J Wildl Dis 42:234-248.
- Rogers AB, Hoover EA. 1998. Maternal-fetal feline immunodeficiency virus transmission: timing and tissue tropisms. J Infect Dis 178:960-967.
- Rogers AB, Hoover EA. 2002. Fetal feline immunodeficiency virus infection is prevalent and occult. J Infect Dis 186:895-904.
- Rogers AB, Mathiason CK, Hoover EA. 2002. Immunohistochemical localization of feline immunodeficiency virus using native species antibodies. Am J Pathol 161:1143-1151.
- Romano G. 2005. Current development of lentiviral-mediated gene transfer. Drug News Perspect 18:128-134.
- Rosati S, Profiti M, Lorenzetti R, et al. 2004. Development of recombinant capsid antigen/transmembrane epitope fusion proteins for serological diagnosis of animal lentivirus infections. J Virol Methods 121:73-78.
- Rosenberg MP, Hohenhaus AE, Matus RE. 1991. Monoclonal gammopathy and lymphoma in a cat infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 27:335-337.
- Roura X, Peters IR, Altet L, et al. 2010. Prevalence of hemotropic mycoplasmas in healthy and unhealthy cats and dogs in Spain. J Vet Diagn Invest 22:270-274.
- Roy S, Lavine J, Chiaromonte F, et al. 2009. Multivariate statistical analyses demonstrate unique host immune responses to single and dual lentiviral infection. PLoS One 4:e7359.
- Ryan G, Grimes T, Brankin B, et al. 2005. Neuropathology associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection highlights prominent lymphocyte trafficking through both the blood-brain and blood-choroid plexus barriers. J Neurovirol 11:337-345.
- Ryan G, Klein D, Knapp E, et al. 2003. Dynamics of viral and proviral loads of feline immunodeficiency virus within the feline central nervous system during the acute phase following intravenous infection. J Virol 77:7477-7485.
- Ryan G, O’Flatharta C, Callanan J, et al. 2006. RNA in situ hybridization for the detection of feline immunodeficiency virus in infected cells. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37:106-112.
- Saenz DT, Loewen N, Peretz M, et al. 2004. Unintegrated lentivirus DNA persistence and accessibility to expression in nondividing cells: analysis with class I integrase mutants. J Virol 78:2906-2920.
- Saenz DT, Poeschla EM. 2004. FIV: from lentivirus to lentivector. J Gene Med 6(Suppl 1):S95-104.
- Saenz DT, Teo W, Olsen JC, et al. 2005. Restriction of feline immunodeficiency virus by Ref1, Lv1, and primate TRIM5alpha proteins. J Virol 79:15175-15188.
- Saito T, Suzuki K, Imai M, et al. 1997. Measurement of reverse transcriptase of feline immunodeficiency virus by poly A-linked colorimetric assay. J Vet Med Sci 59:425-429.
- Saito T, Suzuki K, Imai M, et al. 1997. Quantitative measurement of antibody inhibiting reverse transcriptase activity in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Vet Med Sci 59:841-843.
- Samman A, Logan N, McMonagle EL, et al. 2010. Neutralization of feline immunodeficiency virus by antibodies targeting the V5 loop of Env. J Gen Virol 91:242-249.
- Sanchez-Alvarez M, Criado J, Gomez-Chavarin M, et al. 2000. HIV- and FIV-derived gp120 alter spatial memory, LTP, and sleep in rats. Neurobiol Dis 7:384-394.
- Sand C, Englert T, Egberink H, et al. 2010. Evaluation of a new in-clinic test system to detect feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infection. Vet Clin Pathol 39:210-214.
- Sanders VJ, Wiley CA, Hamilton RL. 2001. The mechanisms of neuronal damage in retroviral infections of the nervous system. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 253:179-201.
- Sandrin V, Muriaux D, Darlix JL, et al. 2004. Intracellular trafficking of Gag and Env proteins and their interactions modulate pseudotyping of retroviruses. J Virol 78:7153-7164.
- Sandy JR, Robinson WF, Bredhauer B, et al. 2002. Productive infection of the bone marrow cells in feline immunodeficiency virus infected cats. Arch Virol 147:1053-1059.
- Sarli G, Della Salda L, Zaccaro L, et al. 1998. Apoptotic fraction in lymphoid tissue of FIV-infected SPF cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 64:33-44.
- Sato E, Miyazawa T, Nishimura Y, et al. 2001. Further development of a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing the Gag protein of feline immunodeficiency virus. Arch Virol 146:379-387.
- Sato E, Yokoyama N, Maeda K, et al. 1998. Construction of a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing Gag precursor protein of feline immunodeficiency virus. Arch Virol 143:453-466.
- Sato E, Yokoyama M, Miyazawa T, et al. 2000. Efficient expression of the envelope protein of feline immunodeficiency virus in a recombinant herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) using the gC promoter of FHV-1. Virus Res 70:13-23.
- Sato R, Inanami O, Tanaka Y, et al. 1996. Oral administration of bovine lactoferrin for treatment of intractable stomatitis in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-positive and FIV-negative cats. Am J Vet Res 57:1443-1446.
- Sauter SL, Gasmi M. 2001. FIV vector systems. Somat Cell Mol Genet 26:99-129.
- Sauter SL, Gasmi M, Dubensky TW Jr. 2003. A highly efficient gene deliver system derived from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Methods Mol Med 76:405-432.
- Savarino A, Pistello M, D’Ostilio D, et al. 2007. Human immunodeficiency virus integrase inhibitors efficiently suppress feline immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro and provide a rationale to redesign antiretroviral treatment for feline AIDS. Retrovirology 4:79.
- Schaller T, Ylinen LM, Webb BL, et al. 2007. Fusion of cyclophilin A to Fv1 enables cyclosporine-sensitive restriction of human and feline immunodeficiency viruses. J Virol 81:10055-10063.
- Schellekens H, Geelen G, Meritet JF, et al. 2001. Oromucosal interferon therapy: relationship between antiviral activity and viral load. J Interferon Cytokine Res 21:575-581.
- Schmitt AC, Ravazzolo AP, von Poser GL. 2001. Investigation of some Hypericum species native to Southern Brazil for antiviral activity. J Ethnopharmacol 77:239-245.
- Schoeman T, Lobetti RG, Jacobson LS, et al. 2001. Feline babesiosis: signalment, clinical pathology and concurrent infections. J S Afr Vet Assoc 72:4-11.
- Schols D, Struyf S, Van Damme J, et al. 1997. Inhibition of T-tropic HIV strains by selective antagonization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. J Exp Med 186:1383-1388.
- Schubach TM, Schubach A, Okamoto T, et al. 2003. Haematogenous spread of Sporothrix schenckii in cats with naturally acquired sporotrichosis. J Small Anim Pract 44:395-398.
- 912a. Scott VL, Boudreaux CE, Lockett NN, et al. 2010. Cytokine dysregulation in early- and late-term placentas from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats. Am J Reprod Immunol 65:480-491.
- Scott VL, Burgess SC, Shack LA, et al. 2008. Expression of CD134 and CXCR4 mRNA in term placentas from FIV-infected and control cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:90-96.
- Sellon RK. 1998. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection, pp 84-96. In Greene CE (ed): Infectious diseases of the dog and cat, ed 2. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
- Sellon RK, Jordan HL, Kennedy-Stoskopf S, et al. 1994. Feline immunodeficiency virus can be experimentally transmitted via milk during acute maternal infection. J Virol 68:3380-3385.
- Sellon RK, Levy JK, Jordan HL, et al. 1996. Changes in lymphocyte subsets with age in perinatal cats, late gestation through 8 weeks. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 53:105-113.
- Serres PF. 2000. Molecular mimicry between the trimeric ectodomain of the transmembrane protein of immunosuppressive lentiviruses (HIV-SIV-FIV) and interleukin 2. C R Acad Sci III 323:1019-1029.
- Shai E, Palmon A, Panet A, et al. 2005. Prolonged transgene expression in murine salivary glands following non-primate lentiviral vector transduction. Mol Ther 12:137-143.
- Sharma PL, Nurpeisov V, Schinazi RF. 2005. Retrovirus reverse transcriptases containing a modified YXDD motif. Antivir Chem Chemother 16:169-182.
- Sharma SK, Billaud JN, Tandon M, et al. 2002. Inhibition of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) replication by DNA binding polyamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 12:2007-2010.
- Shelton GH, Grant CK, Cotter SM, et al. 1990. Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infection and their relationships to lymphoid malignancies in cats: a retrospective study (1968-1988). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3:623-630.
- Shelton GH, Grant CK, Linenberger ML, et al. 1990. Severe neutropenia associated with griseofulvin therapy in cats with feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Vet Intern Med 14:317-319.
- Shelton GH, Linenberger ML, Abkowitz JL. 1991. Hematologic abnormalities in cats seropositive for feline immunodeficiency virus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1353-1357.
- Shelton GH, Linenberger ML, Grant CK, et al. 1990. Hematologic manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus. Blood 76:1104-1109.
- Shelton GH, Linenberger ML, Persik MT, et al. 1995. Prospective hematologic and clinicopathologic study of asymptomatic cats with naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Vet Intern Med 9:133-140.
- Shen X, Leutenegger CM, Stefano Cole K, et al. 2007. A feline immunodeficiency virus vif-deletion mutant remains attenuated upon infection of newborn kittens. J Gen Virol 88:2793-2799.
- 926a. Sherry K, Miro G, Trotta M, et al. 2010. A serological and molecular study of Leishmania infantum infection in cats from the island of Ibiza (Spain). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11:239-245.
- Shibagaki Y, Chow SA. 1997. Central core domain of retroviral integrase is responsible for target site selection. J Biol Chem 272:8361-8369.
- Shibagaki Y, Holmes ML, Appa RS, et al. 1997. Characterization of feline immunodeficiency virus integrase and analysis of functional domains. Virology 230:1-10.
- Shimojima M. 2007. Feline immunodeficiency virus tropism. Uirusu 57:75-82.
- Shimojima M, Miyazawa T, Ikeda Y, et al. 2004. Use of CD134 as a primary receptor by the feline immunodeficiency virus. Science 303:1192-1195.
- Shimojima M, Miyazawa T, Kohmoto M, et al. 1998. Expansion of CD8 α+ beta-cells in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Gen Virol 79:91-94.
- Shimojima M, Nishimura Y, Miyazawa T, et al. 2003. Phenotypic changes in CD8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Microbes Infect 5:1171-1176.
- Shimojima M, Nishimura Y, Miyazawa T, et al. 2004. T cell subpopulations mediating inhibition of feline immunodeficiency virus replication in mucosally infected cats. Microbes Infect 6:265-271.
- Shunchang S, Haitao C, Weidong C, et al. 2008. Expression of truncated dystrophin CDNAs mediated by a lentiviral vector. Neurol India 56:52-56.
- Sibille P, Strosberg AD. 1997. A FIV epitope defined by a phage peptide library screened with a monoclonal FIV antibody. Immunol Lett 59:133-137.
- Siebelink KHJ, Bosch ML, Rimmelzwaan GF, et al. 1995. Two different mutations in the envelope protein of feline immunodeficiency virus allow the virus to escape from neutralization by feline serum antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 46:61-70.
- Siebelink KHJ, Huisman W, Karlas JA, et al. 1995. Neutralization of feline immunodeficiency virus by polyclonal feline antibody: simultaneous involvement of hypervariable regions 4 and 5 of the surface glycoprotein. J Virol 69:5124-5127.
- Siebelink KHJ, Karlas JA, Rimmelzwaan GF, et al. 1995. A determinant of feline immunodeficiency virus involved in CrFK cell tropism. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 46:61-70.
- Siebelink KHJ, Rimmelzwaan GF, Bosch ML, et al. 1993. A single amino acid substitution in hypervariable region 5 of the envelope protein of feline immunodeficiency virus allows escape from virus neutralization. J Virol 67:2202-2208.
- Siebelink KHJ, Tijhaar E, Huisman RC, et al. 1995. Enhancement of feline immunodeficiency virus infection after immunization with envelope glycoprotein subunit vaccines. J Virol 69:3704-3711.
- Sierra P, Guillot J, Jacob H, et al. 2000. Fungal flora on cutaneous and mucosal surfaces of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus or feline leukemia virus. Am J Vet Res 61:158-161.
- Silvotti L, Corradi A, Brandi G, et al. 1997. FIV-induced encephalopathy: early brain lesions in the absence of viral replication in monocyte/macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 55:263-271.
- Sinn PL, Arias AC, Brogden KA, et al. 2008. Lentivirus vector can be readministered to nasal epithelia without blocking immune responses. J Virol 82:10684-10692.
- Sinn PL, Burnight ER, Hickey MA, et al. 2005. Persistent gene expression in mouse nasal epithelia following feline immunodeficiency virus-based vector gene transfer. J Virol 79:12818-12827.
- Sinn PL, Burnight ER, Shen H, et al. 2005. Inclusion of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus proviral elements markedly increases lentivirus vector pseudotyping efficiency. Mol Ther 11:460-469.
- Sinn PL, Goreham-Voss JD, Arias AC, et al. 2007. Enhanced gene expression conferred by stepwise modification of a nonprimate lentiviral vector. Hum Gene Ther 18:1244-1252.
- Sinn PL, Hickey MA, Staber PD, et al. 2003. Lentivirus vectors pseudotyped with filoviral envelope glycoproteins transduce airway epithelia from the apical surface independently of folate receptor alpha. J Virol 77:5902-5910.
- Sinn PL, Penisten AK, Burnight ER, et al. 2005. Gene transfer to respiratory epithelia with lentivirus pseudotyped with Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus envelope glycoprotein. Hum Gene Ther 16:479-488.
- Sinnayah P, Lindley TE, Staber PD, et al. 2002. Selective gene transfer to key cardiovascular regions of the brain: comparison of two viral vector systems. Hypertension 39:603-608.
- Sinnayah P, Lindley TE, Staber PD, et al. 2004. Targeted viral delivery of Cre recombinase induces conditional gene deletion in cardiovascular circuits of the mouse brain. Physiol Genomics 18:25-32.
- Sirriyah J, Dean GA, LaVoy A, et al. 2004. Assessment of CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-gamma producing cells by ELISPOT in naïve and FIV-infected cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 102:77-84.
- Smirnova N, Troyer JL, Schissler J, et al. 2005. Feline lentiviruses demonstrate differences in receptor repertoire and envelope structural elements. Virology 342:60-76.
- Smith RA, Remington KM, Lloyd RM Jr, et al. 1997. A novel Met-to-Thr mutation in the YMDD motif of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus confers resistance to oxathiolane nucleosides. J Virol 71:2357-2362.
- Smith RA, Remington KM, Preston BD, et al. 1997. A novel point mutation at position 156 of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus confers resistance to the combination of (−)-β-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine and 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine. J Virol 72:2335-2340.
- Smithberg SR, Fogle JE, Mexas AM, et al. 2008. In vivo depletion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in cats. J Immunol Methods 329:81-91.
- Smyth NR, Bennett M, Gaskell RM, et al. 1994. Effect of 3′-azido-2′,3′deoxythymidine (AZT) on experimental feline immunodeficiency virus infection in domestic cats. Res Vet Sci 57:220-224.
- Smyth NR, McCracken C, Gaskell RM, et al. 1994. Susceptibility in cell culture of feline immunodeficiency virus to eighteen antiviral agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 34:589-594.
- Sodora DL, Shpaer EG, Kitchell BE, et al. 1994. Identification of three feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) env gene subtypes and comparison of the FIV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolutionary patterns. J Virol 68:2230-2238.
- Solano-Gallego L, Hegarty B, Espada Y, et al. 2006. Serological and molecular evidence of exposure to arthropod-borne organisms in cats from northeastern Spain. Vet Microbiol 118:274-277.
- Solano-Gallego L, Rodriguez-Cortes A, Iniesta L, et al. 2007. Cross-sectional serosurvey of feline leishmaniasis in ecoregions around the northwestern Mediterranean. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76:676-680.
- Soma T, Ishii H. 2004. Detection of feline coronavirus antibody, feline immunodeficiency virus antibody, and feline leukemia virus antigen in ascites from cats with effusive feline infectious peritonitis. J Vet Med Sci 66:89-90.
- Sondgeroth K, Leutenegger C, Vandewoude S. 2005. Development and validation of puma (Felis concolor) cytokine and lentivirus real-time PCR detection systems. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 104:205-213.
- Song JJ, Lee B, Chang JW, et al. 2003. Optimization of vesicular stomatitis virus-G pseudotyped feline immunodeficiency virus vector for minimized cytotoxicity with efficient gene transfer. Virus Res 93:25-30.
- Song W, Collisson EW, Billingsley PM, et al. 1992. Induction of feline immunodeficiency virus-specific cytolytic T-cell responses from experimentally infected cats. J Virol 66:5409-5417.
- Song W, Collisson EW, Li J, et al. 1995. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from chronically infected cats are induced in vitro by retroviral vector-transduced feline T cells expressing the FIV capsid protein. Virology 209:390-399.
- Sparger EE. 1990. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection, pp 334-345. In Greene CE (ed): Infectious diseases of the dog and cat, ed 1. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
- Sparger EE, Louie H, Ziomeck AM, Luciw PA. 1997. Infection of cats by injection with DNA of a feline immunodeficiency virus molecular clone. Virology 238:157-160.
- Sparkes A, Caney S. 2007. Clinical snapshot. A positive FIV antibody test result in a kitten. Compend Cont Educ Vet 29:145-146.
- Sparkes AH, Hopper CD, Millard WG, et al. 1993. Feline immunodeficiency infection: clinicopathologic findings in 90 naturally occurring cases. J Vet Intern Med 7:85-90.
- Sprague WS, Pope M, Hoover EA. 2005. Culture and comparison of feline myeloid dendritic cells vs macrophages. J Comp Pathol 133:136-145.
- Sprague WS, Robbiani M, Avery PR, et al. 2008. Feline immunodeficiency virus dendritic cell infection and transfer. J Gen Virol 89:709-715
- Sprague WS, TerWee JA, VandeWoude S. 2010. Temporal association of large granular lymphocytosis, neutropenia, proviral load, and FasL mRNA in cats with acute feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:115-121.
- Squires RA. 2003. An update on aspects of viral gastrointestinal diseases of dogs and cats. NZ Vet J 51:252-261.
- Steffan AM, Lafon ME, Gendrault JL, et al. 1994. Feline immunodeficiency virus can productively infect cultured endothelial cells from cat brain microvessels. J Gen Virol 75:3647-3653.
- Steigerwald ES, Sarter M, March P, Podell M. 1999. Effects of feline immunodeficiency virus on cognition and behavioral function in cats. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 20:411-419.
- Stein CS, Davidson BL. 2002. Gene transfer to the brain using feline immunodeficiency virus-based lentivirus vectors. Methods Enzymol 346:433-454.
- Stein CS, Martins I, Davidson BL. 2005. The lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus envelope glycoprotein targets lentiviral gene transfer vector to neural progenitors in the murine brain. Mol Ther 11:382-389.
- Stein CS, Kang Y, Sauter SL, et al. 2001. In vivo treatment of hemophilia A and mucopolysaccharidosis type VII using nonprimate lentiviral vectors. Mol Ther 3:850-856.
- Steinrigl A, Ertl R, Langbein I, et al. 2010. Phylogenetic analysis suggests independent introduction of feline immunodeficiency virus clades A and B to central Europe and identifies diverse variants of clade B. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 134:82-89.
- Steinrigl A, Klein D. 2003. Phylogenetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus in central Europe: a prerequisite for vaccination and molecular diagnostics. J Gen Virol 84:1301-1307.
- Stengel C, Klein D, Egberink H, et al. 2003. Placebo-controlled double-blind treatment study in naturally feline immunodeficiency-virus infected cats using the chemokine receptor inhibitor 1,1′-bis-1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradekan (AMD3100). J Vet Intern Med 17:381-382, A9.
- 981a. Stern MA, Hu C, Saenz DT, et al. 2010. Productive replication of Vif-chimeric HIV-1 in feline cells. J Virol 84:7378-7395.
- Stevens R, Howard KE, Nordone S, et al. 2004. Oral immunization with recombinant Listeria monocytogenes controls virus load after vaginal challenge with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 78:8210-8218.
- Stevens R, Lavoy A, Nordone S, et al. 2005. Pre-existing immunity to pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes does not prevent induction of immune responses to feline immunodeficiency virus by a novel recombinant Listeria monocytogenes vaccine. Vaccine 23:1479-1490.
- Stiles J, Bienzle D, Render JA, et al. 1999. Use of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of retroviruses from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded uveal melanomas in cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2:113-116.
- Stokes CR, Finerty S, Gruffyd-Jones TJ, et al. 1999. Mucosal infection and vaccination against feline immunodeficiency virus. J Biotechnol 73:213-221.
- Svoboda V, Knotek Z, Svoboda M. 1998. Prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies specific to Toxoplasma gondii in cats. Vet Parasitol 80:173-176.
- Strom Holst B, Frossling J. 2009. The Swedish breeding cat: population description, infectious diseases and reproductive performance evaluated by a questionnaire. J Feline Med Surg 11:793-802.
- Sundstrom M, Chatterji U, Schaffer L, et al. 2008. Feline immunodeficiency virus orfa alters gene expression of splicing factors and proteasome-ubiquitination proteins. Virology 371:394-404.
- Sundstrom M, White RL, de Parseval A, et al. 2008. Mapping of the CXCR4 binding site within variable region 3 of the feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein. J Virol 82:9134-9142.
- Sutton CA, Gordnier PM, Avery RJ, et al. 2005. Comparative replication kinetics of two cytopathic feline lentiviruses ex vivo. Virology 332:519-528.
- 990a. Sykes JE. 2010. Immunodeficiencies caused by infectious diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 40:409-423.
- Sykes JE, Drazenovich NL, Ball LM, et al. 2007. Use of conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the epidemiology of hemoplasma infections in anemic and nonanemic cats. J Vet Intern Med 21:685-693.
- 991a. Takano T, Hosoya S, Shibao A, et al. 2010. Comparative study of the plasma globulin level, CD21(-) B-cell counts and FOXP3 mRNA expression level in CD4(+) T-cells for different clinical stages of feline immunodeficiency virus infected cats. Res Vet Sci Epub ahead of reprint. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc 2101.10.10.022
- Tanabe T, Yamamoto JK. 2001. Feline immunodeficiency virus lacks sensitivity to the antiviral activity of feline IFN-γ. J Interferon Cytokine Res 21:1039-1046.
- Tanabe T, Yamamoto JK. 2001. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of FIV infection in the bone marrow stroma. Virology 282:113-122.
- 993a. Tanahara M, Miyamoto S, Nishio T, et al. 2010. An epidemiological survey of feline hemoplasma infection in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 72:1575-1581.
- Taniguchi A, Ishida T, Konno A, et al. 1990. Altered mitogen response of peripheral blood lymphocytes in different stages of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Jpn J Vet Sci 52:513-518.
- Taniguchi A, Ishida T, Washizu T, et al. 1991. Humoral immune response to T cell dependent and independent antigens in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Vet Med Sci 53:333-335.
- Tasara T, Amacker M, Hubscher U. 1999. Intramolecular chimeras of the p51 subunit between HIV-1 and FIV reverse transcriptases suggest a stabilizing function for the p66 subunit in the heterodimeric enzyme. Biochemistry 38:1633-1642.
- Tasker S, Caney SM, Day MJ, et al. 2006. Effect of chronic feline immunodeficiency infection, and efficacy of marbofloxacin treatment, on "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" infection. Microbes Infect 8:653-661.
- Tasker S, Caney SM, Day MJ, et al. 2006. Effect of chronic FIV infection, and efficacy of marbofloxacin treatment, on Mycoplasma haemofelis infection. Vet Microbiol 117:169-179.
- Tasker S, Murray JK, Knowles TG, et al. 2010. Coombs’, haemoplasma and retrovirus testing in feline anaemia. J Small Anim Pract 51:192-199.
- Teixeira BM, Logan N, Cruz JC, et al. 2010. Genetic diversity of Brazilian isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus. Arch Virol 155:379-384.
- Tellier MC, Pu R, Pollock D, et al. 1998. Efficacy evaluation of prime-boost protocol: canarypoxvirus-based feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vaccine and inactivated FIV-infected cell vaccine against heterologous FIV challenge in cats. AIDS 12:11-18.
- Tellier MC, Soos J, Pu R, et al. 1997. Development of FIV-specific cytolytic T-lymphocyte response in cats upon immunisation with FIV vaccines. Vet Microbiol 57:1-12.
- Terwee JA, Carlson JK, Sprague WS, et al. 2008. Prevention of immunodeficiency virus induced CD4+ T-cell depletion by prior infection with a non-pathogenic virus. Virology 377:63-70.
- Terwee JA, Yactor JK, Sondgeroth KS, et al. 2005. Puma lentivirus is controlled in domestic cats after mucosal exposure in the absence of conventional indicators of immunity. J Virol 79:2797-2806.
- Tenorio AP, Franti CE, Madewell BR, et al. 1991. Chronic oral infections of cats and their relationship to persistent oral carriage of feline calici-, immunodeficiency, or leukemia viruses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 29:1-14.
- Terry A, Callanan JJ, Fulton R, et al. 1995. Molecular analysis of tumours from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats: an indirect role for FIV. Int J Cancer 61:227-232.
- Thalwitzer S, Wachter B, Robert N, et al. 2010. Seroprevalences to viral pathogens in free-ranging and captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) on Namibian farmland. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17:232-238.
- Thomas JB, Robinson WF, Chadwick BJ, et al. 1993. Association of renal disease indicators with feline immunodeficiency infection. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:320-326.
- Thomas JB, Robinson WF, Chadwick BJ, et al. 1993. Leukogram and biochemical abnormalities in naturally occurring feline immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:272-278.
- Tijhaar EJ, Huisman W, Huisman RC, et al. 1997. Salmonella typhimurium aroA recombinants and immune-stimulating complexes as vaccine candidates for feline immunodeficiency virus. J Gen Virol 78:3265-3275.
- Tijhaar EJ, Siebelink KH, Karlas JA, et al. 1997. Induction of feline immunodeficiency virus specific antibodies with an attenuated Salmonella strain expressing the gag protein. Vaccine 15:587-596.
- 1011a. Tochikura TS, Motokawa K, Naito Y, et al. 2009. Differential CXCR4 expression and function in subpopulations of the feline lymphoma cell line 3201 susceptible to feline immunodeficiency virus. 2010. J Feline Med Surgery 12:269-277.
- Tokunaga K, Nishino Y, Oikawa H, et al. 1992. Altered cell tropism and cytopathicity of feline immunodeficiency viruses in two different feline CD4-positive, CD8-negative cell lines. J Virol 66:3893-3898.
- Tokunaga K, Shoda K, Nishino Y, et al. 1995. Maintenance of high virus load even after seroconversion in newborn cats acutely infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vaccine 13:1393-1398.
- Tomonaga K, Inoshima Y, Ikeda Y, et al. 1995. Temporal patterns of feline immunodeficiency virus transcripts in peripheral blood cells during the latent stage of infection. J Gen Virol 76:2193-2204.
- Tomonaga K, Itagaki SI, Kashiwase H, et al. 1998. Characterization of an integrase mutant of feline immunodeficiency virus. Arch Virol 143:1-14.
- Tomonaga K, Mikami T. 1996. Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus transcripts by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Vet Microbiol 48:337-344.
- Tompkins MB, Bull ME, Dow JL, et al. 2002. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection is characterized by B7+CTLA4+ T cell apoptosis. J Infect Dis 185:1077-1093.
- Tompkins MB, Nelson PD, English RV, et al. 1991. Early events in the immunopathogenesis of feline retrovirus infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:1311-1315.
- Tompkins MB, Tompkins WA. 2008. Lentivirus-induced immune dysregulation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:45-55.
- Torten M, Franchini M, Barlough JE, et al. 1991. Progressive immune dysfunction in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 65:2225-2230.
- Torten M, Rideout BA, Luciw PA, et al. 1990. Co-infection of cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) enhances the severity of FIV infection and affects the distribution of FIV DNA in various tissues, pp 209-210. In Schellekens H, Horzinek MC (eds): Animal models in AIDS. Elsevier Science, New York.
- Toyosaki T, Miyazawa T, Furuya T, et al. 1993. Localization of the viral antigen of feline immunodeficiency virus in the lymph nodes of cats at the early stage of infection. Arch Virol 131:335-347.
- Tozzini F, Matteucci D, Bandecchi P, et al. 1993. Neutralizing antibodies in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Microbiol 31:1626-1629.
- Troth SP, Dean AD, Hoover EA. 2008. In vivo CXCR4 expression, lymphoid cell phenotype, and feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:97-105.
- Troyer JL, Pecon-Slattery J, Roelke ME, et al. 2004. Patterns of feline immunodeficiency virus multiple infection and genome divergence in a free-ranging population of African lions. J Virol 78:3777-3791.
- Troyer JL, Pecon-Slattery J, Roelke ME, et al. 2005. Seroprevalence and genomic divergence of circulating strains of feline immunodeficiency virus among Felidae and Hyaenidae species. J Virol 79:8282-8294.
- Troyer JL, Vandewoude S, Pecon-Slattery J, et al. 2008. FIV cross-species transmission: an evolutionary prospective. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:159-166.
- Tryland M, Sandvik T, Holtet L, et al. 1998. Antibodies to orthopoxvirus in domestic cats in Norway. Vet Rec 143:105-109.
- Uckun FM, Chen C-L, Samuel P, et al. 2003. In vivo antiretroviral activity of stampidine in chronically feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:1233-1240.
- Uckun FM, Waurzyniak B, Tibbles H, et al. 2006. In vivo pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of the anti-HIV agent stampidine in dogs and feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. Arzneimittelforschung 56:176-192.
- Ueland K, Nesse LL. 1992. No evidence of vertical transmission of naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 33:301-308.
- Uema M, Ikeda Y, Miyazawa T, et al. 1999. Feline immunodeficiency virus subtype C is prevalent in the northern part of Taiwan. J Vet Med Sci 61:197-199.
- Uhl EW, Heaton-Jones TG, Pu R, et al. 2002. FIV vaccine development and its importance to veterinary and human medicine: a review. FIV vaccine 2002 update and review. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 90:113-132.
- Uhl EW, Martin M, Coleman JK, et al. 2008. Advances in FIV vaccine technology. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:65-80.
- Uncini Manganelli RE, Zaccaro L, Tomei PE. 2005. Antiviral activity in vitro of Urtica dioica L., Parietaria diffusa M. et K. and Sambucus nigra L. J Ethnopharmacol 98:323-327.
- Vahlenkamp TW, Bull ME, Dow JL, et al. 2004. B7+CTLA4+ T cells engage in T-T cell interactions that mediate apoptosis: a model for lentivirus-induced T cell depletion. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 98:203-214.
- Vahlenkamp TW, de Ronde A, Balzarini J, et al. 1995. (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine is a potent inhibitor of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39:746-749.
- Vahlenkamp TW, de Ronde A, Rottier PJ, et al. 1999. The feline immunodeficiency virus envelope protein precursor: functional analysis of a leader deletion mutant, Vet Microbiol 69:115-116.
- Vahlenkamp TW, de Ronde A, Schuurman NN, et al. 1999. Envelope gene sequences encoding variable regions 3 and 4 are involved in macrophage tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Gen Virol 80:2639-2646.
- Vahlenkamp TW, Tompkins MB, Tompkins WA. 2004. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection phenotypically and functionally activates immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. J Immunol 172:4752-4761.
- Vahlenkamp TW, Verschoor EJ, Schuurman NN, et al. 1997. A single amino acid substitution in the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus alters cellular tropism. J Virol 71:7132- 7135.
- Valli L. 2005. Logical to vaccinate rather than risk infection. Can Vet J 46:108; author reply 108, 110.
- Valori CF, Ning K, Wyles M, et al. 2008. Development and applications of non-HIV-based lentiviral vectors in neurological disorders. Curr Gene Ther 8:406-418.
- van den Heuvel MJ, Copeland KF, Cates EC, et al. 2007. Defibrinated bovine plasma inhibits retroviral transcription by blocking p52 activation of the NFκb element in the long terminal repeat. Can J Vet Res 71:119-128.
- van der Meer FJ, Schuurman NM, Balzarini J, et al. 2007. Comparative evaluation of the activity of antivirals towards feline immunodeficiency virus in different cell culture systems. Antiviral Res 76:198-201.
- van der Meer FJ, Schuurman NM, Egberink HF. 2007. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection is enhanced by feline bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. J Gen Virol 88:251-258.
- VandeWoude S, Apetrei C. 2006. Going wild: lessons from naturally occurring T-lymphotropic lentiviruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 19:728-762.
- VandeWoude S, Hageman CL, Hoover EA. 2003. Domestic cats infected with lion or puma lentivirus develop anti-feline immunodeficiency virus immune responses. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 34:20-31.
- VandeWoude S, Hageman CA, O’Brien SJ, et al. 2002. Nonpathogenic lion and puma lentiviruses impart resistance to superinfection by virulent feline immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 29:1-10.
- VandeWoude S, O’Brien SJ, Hoover EA. 1997. Infectivity of lion and puma lentiviruses for domestic cats. J Gen Virol 78:795-800.
- VandeWoude S, O’Brien SJ, Langelier K, et al. 1997. Growth of lion and puma lentiviruses in domestic cat cells and comparisons with FIV. Virology 233:185-192.
- van Marle G, Antony JM, Silva C, et al. 2005. Aberrant cortical neurogenesis in a pediatric neuroAIDS model: neurotrophic effects of growth hormone. AIDS 19:1781-1791.
- Van Rompay KK. 2010. Evaluation of antiretrovirals in animal models of HIV infection. Antiviral Res 85:159-175.
- Van Vuuren M, Stylianides E, Kania SA, et al. 2003. Evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of feline lentivirus-reactive antibodies in wild felids, employing a puma lentivirus-derived synthetic peptide antigen. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 70:1-6.
- Vazquez-Salat N, Yuhki N, Beck T, et al. 2007. Gene conversion between mammalian CCR2 and CCR5 chemokine receptor genes: a potential mechanism for receptor dimerization. Genomics 90:213-224.
- Verschoor EJ, Boven LA, Blaak H, et al. 1995. A single mutation within the V3 envelope neutralization domain of feline immunodeficiency virus determines its tropism for CRFK cells. J Virol 69:4752-4757.
- Verschoor EJ, van Vliet ALW, Egberink HF, et al. 1995. Vaccination against feline immunodeficiency virus using fixed infected cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 46:139-150.
- Verschoor EJ, Willemse MJ, Stam JG, et al. 1996. Evaluation of subunit vaccines against feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vaccine 14:285-289.
- Virgen CA, Kratovac Z, Bieniasz PD, et al. 2008. Independent genesis of chimeric TRIM5-cyclophilin proteins in two primate species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:3563-3568
- Von Schwedler U, Townsend K, Chada S, et al. 1997. Retroviral-mediated expression of FIV envelope/Rev induces CD8+ CTL responses in mice. Intervirology 40:271-276.
- Walker C, Canfield PJ, Love DN. 1994. Analysis of leucocytes and lymphocyte subsets for different clinical stages of naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 44:1-12.
- Walker C, Canfield PJ, Love DN, et al. 1996. A longitudinal study of lymphocyte subsets in a cohort of cats naturally-infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Aust Vet J 73:218-224.
- Walker C, Malik R, Canfield PJ. 1995. Analysis of leucocytes and lymphocyte subsets in cats with naturally-occurring cryptococcosis but differing feline immunodeficiency virus status. Aust Vet J 72:93-97.
- 1063a. Wang C, Johnson CM, Ahluwalia SK, et al. 2010. Dual-emission fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) real-time PCR differentiates feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes and discriminates infected from vaccinated cats. J Clin Microbiol 48:1667-1672.
- Wang G, Sinn PL, Zabner J, et al. 2002. Gene transfer to airway epithelia using feline immunodeficiency virus-based lentivirus vectors. Methods Enzymol 346:500-514.
- Wang G, Slepushkin V, Zabner J, et al. 1999. Feline immunodeficiency virus vectors persistently transduce nondividing airway epithelia and correct the cystic fibrosis defect. J Clin Invest 104:R55-R62.
- Wang J, Kyaw-Tanner M, Lee C, et al. 2001. Characterisation of lymphosarcomas in Australian cats using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical examination. Aust Vet J 79:41-46.
- Wardini AB, Guimaraes-Costa AB, Nascimento MT, et al. 2010. Characterization of neutrophil extracellular traps in cats naturally-infected with the feline leukemia virus (FeLV). J Gen Virol 91:259-264.
- Wasmoen T, Armiger-Luhman S, Egan C, et al. 1992. Transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus from infected queens to kittens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:83-93.
- Waters L, Hopper CD, Gruffyd-Jones TJ, et al. 1993. Chronic gingivitis in a colony of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline calicivirus. Vet Rec 132:340-342.
- Weaver CC, Burgess SC, Nelson PD, et al. 2005. Placental immunopathology and pregnancy failure in the FIV-infected cat. Placenta 26:138-147.
- 1070a. Weaver EA. 2010. A detailed phylogenetic analysis of FIV in the United States. PLoS One 5(8):e12004.
- Weaver EA, Collisson EW, Slater M, et al. 2004. Phylogenetic analyses of Texas isolates indicate an evolving subtype of the clade B feline immunodeficiency viruses. J Virol 78:2158-2163.
- Webb C, Bedwell C, Guth A, et al. 2006. Use of flow cytometry and monochlorobimane to quantitate intracellular glutathione concentrations in feline leukocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 112:129-140.
- Webb CB, Lehman TL, McCord KW. 2008. Effects of an oral superoxide dismutase enzyme supplementation on indices of oxidative stress, proviral load, and CD4:CD8 ratios in asymptomatic FIV-infected cats. J Feline Med Surg 10:423-430.
- Weiss RC, Cox NR, Boudreaux MK. 1993. Toxicologic effects of ribavirin in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 16:301-316.
- White JD, Malik R, Norris JM, et al. 2010. Association between naturally occurring chronic kidney disease and feline immunodeficiency virus infection status in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 236:424-429.
- Whitwam T, Peretz M, Poeschla E. 2001. Identification of a central DNA flap in feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 75:9407-9414.
- Wiggs RB, Lobprise HB, Matthews JL, et al. 1993. Effects of preactivated MC540 in the treatment of lymphocytic plasmacytic stomatitis in feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus positive cats. J Vet Dent 10:9-33.
- Willett BJ, Adema K, Heveker N, et al. 1998. The second extracellular loop of CXCR4 determines its function as a receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 72:6475-6481.
- Willett BJ, Cannon CA, Hosie MJ. 2002. Upregulation of surface feline CXCR4 expression following ectopic expression of CCR5: implications for studies of the cell tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 76:9242-9252.
- Willett BJ, Hosie MJ. 1999. The role of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in infection with feline immunodeficiency virus. Mol Membr Biol 16:67-72.
- Willett BJ, Hosie MJ. 2008. Chemokine receptors and co-stimulatory molecules: unravelling feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:56-64.
- Willett BJ, Hosie MJ, Callanan JJ, et al. 1993. Infection with feline immunodeficiency virus is followed by the rapid expansion of a CD8+ lymphocyte subset. Immunology 78:1-6.
- Willett BJ, Hosie MJ, Dunsford TH, et al. 1991. Productive infection of T-helper lymphocytes with feline immunodeficiency virus is accompanied by reduced expression of CD4. AIDS 5:1469-1475.
- Willett BJ, Hosie MJ, Jarrett O, et al. 1994. Identification of a putative cellular receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus as the feline homologue of CD9. Immunology 81:228-233.
- Willett BJ, Hosie MJ, Neil JC, et al. 1997. Common mechanism of infection by lentiviruses. Nature 385:587.
- Willett BJ, Hosie MJ, Shaw A, Neil J. 1997. Inhibition of feline immunodeficiency virus infection by CD9 antibody operates after virus entry and is independent of virus tropism. J Gen Virol 78:611-618.
- 1086a. Willett BJ, Kraase M, Logan N, et al. 2010. Modulation of the virus-receptor interaction by mutations in the V5 loop of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) following in vivo escape from neutralising antibody. Retrovirology 7:38.
- Willett BJ, McMonagle EL, Bonci F, et al. 2006. Mapping the domains of CD134 as a functional receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 80:7744-7747.
- Willett BJ, McMonagle EL, Logan N, et al. 2008. A single site for N-linked glycosylation in the envelope glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus modulates the virus-receptor interaction. Retrovirology 5:77.
- Willett BJ, McMonagle EL, Logan N, et al. 2009. Enforced covalent trimerisation of soluble feline CD134 (OX40)-ligand generates a functional antagonist of feline immunodeficiency virus. Mol Immunol 46:1020-1030.
- Willett BJ, McMonagle EL, Logan N, et al. 2007. Probing the interaction between feline immunodeficiency virus and CD134 by using the novel monoclonal antibody 7D6 and the CD134 (Ox40) ligand. J Virol 81:9665-9679.
- Willett BJ, McMonagle EL, Ridha S, et al. 2006. Differential utilization of CD134 as a functional receptor by diverse strains of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 80:3386-3394.
- Willett BJ, Picard L, Hosie MJ, et al. 1997. Shared usage of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by the feline and human immunodeficiency viruses. J Virol 71:6407-6415.
- Willi B, Boretti FS, Baumgartner C, et al. 2006. Prevalence, risk factor analysis, and follow-up of infections caused by three feline hemoplasma species in cats in Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol 44:961-969.
- Willis AM. 2000. Feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 30:971-986.
- Wilson SJ, Webb BL, Ylinen LM, et al. 2008. Independent evolution of an antiviral trimcyp in rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:3557-3562.
- Winkler IG. 2005. Detection of antiviral antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Methods Mol Biol 304:257-271.
- Winkler IG, Lochelt M, Flower RL. 1999. Epidemiology of feline foamy virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection in domestic and feral cats: a seroepidemiological study. J Clin Microbiol 37:2848-2851.
- Wlodawer A, Gustchina A. 2000. Structural and biochemical studies of retroviral proteases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1477:16-34.
- Wolf A, Weaver EA, Zhu G, et al. 2003. A detailed phylogenetic analysis of FIV in the United States: tools for vaccine development. J Vet Int Med 17:382, A12.
- Woo JC, Dean GA, Lavoy A, et al. 1999. Investigation of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor type I in thymus regeneration in the acute state of experimental FIV infection in juvenile cats. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses 15:1377-1388.
- Woo JC, Dean GA Pedersen NC, et al. 1997. Immunopathologic changes in the thymus during acute stage of experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection in juvenile cats. J Virol 71:8632-8641.
- Woodward CL, Wang Y, Dixon WJ, et al. 2003. Subcellular localization of feline immunodeficiency virus integrase and mapping of its karyophilic determinant. J Virol 77:4516-4527.
- Wright E, Temperton NJ, Marston DA, et al. 2008. Investigating antibody neutralization of lyssaviruses using lentiviral pseudotypes: a cross-species comparison. J Gen Virol 89:2204-2213.
- Yamada H, Miyazawa T, Tomonaga K, et al. 1995. Phylogenetic analysis of the long terminal repeat of feline immunodeficiency viruses from Japan, Argentina and Australia. Arch Virol 140:41-52.
- Yamamoto JK, Hohdatsu T, Holmsted RA, et al. 1993. Experimental vaccine protection against homologous and heterologous strains of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 67:601-605.
- Yamamoto JK, Okuda T, Ackley CD, et al. 1991. Experimental vaccine protection against feline immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 7:911-922.
- Yamamoto JK, Pu R, Arai M, et al. 1998. Feline bone marrow transplantation: its use in FIV-infected cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 65:323-351.
- Yamamoto JK, Pu R, Sato E, et al. 2007. Feline immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis and development of a dual-subtype feline-immunodeficiency-virus vaccine. AIDS 21:547-563.
- Yamamoto JK, Sanou MP, Abbott JR, et al. 2010. Feline immunodeficiency virus model for designing HIV/AIDS vaccines. Curr HIV Res 8:14-25.
- Yamamoto JK, Umemura T, Inoshima Y, et al. 1997. Immunological and histological disorders in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus subtype B (TM2 strain). Vet Microbiol 57:313-324.
- Yamazaki J, Hasebe N, Nagafuchi S, et al. 2004. Expression of apoptosis-related gene mRNAs in feline T-cells infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Vet Microbiol 101:1-8.
- Yates KM, Rosenberg LJ, Harris CK, et al. 1992. Pilot study of the effect of acemannan in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 35:177-189.
- Yelamos B, Nunez E, Gomez Gutierrez J, et al. 1999. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopic properties of the major core protein of feline immunodeficiency virus and its tryptophan mutants. Assignment of the individual contribution of aromatic sidechains. Eur J Biochem 266:1081-1089.
- Yelamos B, Nunez E, Gomez-Gutierrez J, et al. 2001. Urea equilibrium unfolding of the major core protein of the retrovirus feline immunodeficiency virus and its tryptophan mutants. Biochem Biophys Acta 1546:87-97.
- Yilmaz H, Ilgaz A, Harbour DA. 2000. Prevalence of FIV and FeLV infections in cats in Istanbul. J Feline Med Surg 2:69-70.
- Ylinen LM, Keckesova Z, Wilson SJ, et al. 2005. Differential restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac by TRIM5alpha alleles. J Virol 79:11580-11587.
- 1116a. You XJ, Gu P, Wang J, et al. 2010. Efficient transduction of feline neural progenitor cells for delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor using a feline immunodeficiency virus-based lentiviral construct. J Ophthalmol 2011. Published online 2010. doi: 10.1155/2011/378965
- Yu ET, Zhang Q, Fabris D. 2005. Untying the FIV frameshifting pseudoknot structure by MS3D. J Mol Biol 345:69-80.
- Yu N, Billaud JN, Phillips TR. 1998. Effects of feline immunodeficiency virus on astrocyte glutamate uptake: implications for lentivirus-induced central nervous system diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:2624-2629.
- Zaccaro L, Falcone ML, Silva S, et al. 1995. Defective natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 11:747-752.
- Zeidner NS, Mathiason-DuBard CK, Hoover EA. 1993. Reversal of feline leukemia virus infection by adoptive transfer of lectin/interleukin-2-activated lymphocytes, interferon-alpha, and zidovudine. J Immunother 14:22-32.
- Zenger E. 1990. Clinical findings in cats with feline immunodeficiency virus. Feline Pract 18:25-28.
- Zenger E, Brown WC, Song W, et al. 1993. Evaluation of cofactor effect of feline syncytium forming virus in feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Vet Res 56:713-718.
- Zenger E, Collisson EW, Barhoumi R, et al. 1995. Laser cytometric analysis of FIV-induced injury in astroglia. Glia 13:92-100.
- Zenger E, Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Collison EW. 1997. Cellular mechanisms of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-induced neuropathogenesis. Front Biosci 2:527-537.
- Zhang F, Hatziioannou T, Perez-Caballero D, et al. 2006. Antiretroviral potential of human tripartite motif-5 and related proteins. Virology 353:396-409.
- Zhang XY, La Russa VF, Reiser J. 2004. Transduction of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by using lentivirus vectors pseudotyped with modified RD114 envelope glycoproteins. J Virol 78:1219-1229.
- Zhao Y, Gebhard D, English R, et al. 1995. Enhanced expression of novel CD57+CD8+ LAK cells from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. J Leukoc Biol 58:423-431.
- Zhu Y, Antony J, Liu S, et al. 2006. CD8+ lymphocyte-mediated injury of dorsal root ganglion neurons during lentivirus infection: CD154-dependent cell contact neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 26:3396-3403.
- Zhu Y, Antony JM, Martinez JA, et al. 2007. Didanosine causes sensory neuropathy in an HIV/AIDS animal model: impaired mitochondrial and neurotrophic factor gene expression. Brain 130:2011-2023.
- Zhu Y, Jones G, Tsutsui S, et al. 2005. Lentivirus infection causes neuroinflammation and neuronal injury in dorsal root ganglia: pathogenic effects of STAT-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Immunol 175:1118-1126.
- Zhu Y, Vergote D, Pardo C, et al. 2009. CXCR3 activation by lentivirus infection suppresses neuronal autophagy: neuroprotective effects of antiretroviral therapy. FASEB J 23:2928-2941.
- Zhu YQ, Remington KM, North TW. 1996. Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′,3′-didehydrothymidine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40:1983-1987.
- 1132a. Zielonka J, Marino D, Hofmann H, et al. 2010. Vif of feline immunodeficiency virus from domestic cats protects against APOBEC3 restriction factors from many felids. J Virol 84:7312-7324.
- Zimmerman DM, Waters WR, Lyashchenko KP, et al. 2009. Safety and immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis DeltalysA Deltapan CD vaccine in domestic cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Clin Vaccine Immunol 16:427-429.
- Zink MC, Laast VA, Helke KL, et al. 2006. From mice to macaques—animal models of HIV nervous system disease. Curr HIV Res 4:293-305.
- Zislin A. 2005. Feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine: a rational paradigm for clinical decision-making. Biologicals 33:219-220.
- Zou L, Barr MC, Hoose WA, Avery RJ. 1997. Characterization of the transcription map and Rev activity of a highly cytopathic feline immunodeficiency virus. Virology 236:266-278.
- Zwijnenberg R. 2005. Feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine issues. Aust Vet J 83:215.
- Zwijnenberg R, Yamamoto JK. 2007. Vaccine protection against feline immunodeficiency virus: setting the challenge. Aust Vet J 85:210-211.